NEXEDGE Technical Overview Kenwood Presentation NEXEDGE Technical Overview Kenwood Electronics UK 2013.03.06 Copyright © 2011 JVC KENWOOD Corporation. All rights reserved.

Presentation Agenda Introduction - Digital Radio Standards NEXEDGE FDMA versus TDMA Product Information NEXEDGE Operating Modes NEXEDGE Features NEXEDGE - TETRA Comparison NEXEDGE Migration Path Programming Applications Web Resources Summary

1 1. Introduction - Digital Radio Standards

Introduction – Digital Radio Standards Digital radio systems can operate using different channel access methods TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access; FDMA - Frequency Division Multiple Access; FHMA - Frequency Hopping Multiple Access; CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access; Common features spectrally efficient radio systems; ITU-R and/or ETSI approval. Overview

Introduction – Digital Radio Standards - TDMA TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access; TETRA - primary adopted for Europe and around world ITU-R Working Party and ETSI π/4 DQPSK modulation 4 slot TDMA / 25 KHz channel mask Trunking Manufacturer: MOTOROLA, EADS etc. DIMRS - adopted in Canada ITU-R Working Party 8A. 16 QAM modulation 6 slot TDMA / 25 KHz channel mask Manufacturer – MOTOROLA (IDEN) TDMA

Introduction – Digital Radio Standards - TDMA TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access; IDRA – adopted in Japan ITU-R Working Party 8A 16 QAM modulation (different vocoder) 6 slot TDMA / 25 KHz channel mask Trunking MOTOTRBO - North America and Europe ETSI DMR standards 4FSK - modulation 2 slot TDMA / 12.5 channel mask

Introduction – Digital Radio Standards - FDMA FDMA - Frequency Division Multiple Access; Project 25 - primary adopted for North America ITU-R Working Party 8A. C4FM - constant envelope modulation / phase1 QPSK – modulation / phase 2 12.5 / 6.25 KHz channel mask Trunked and conventional TETRAPOL - adopted in Europe (France) and around the world constant-envelope modulation technique 10 KHz channel mask Manufacturer – EADS

Introduction – Digital Radio Standards - FDMA FDMA - Frequency Division Multiple Access; EDACS – adopted by Swedish Administration and ITU-R Working Party 8A constant-envelope modulation technique 25 / 12.5 KHz channel mask Manufacturer M/A-COM, Inc. IDAS - adopted in North America and Europe dPMR ETSI standard 4 level FSK - constant envelope modulation based on NXDN – CAI (Common Air Interface) 6.25 KHz channel mask (digital) manufacturer - ICOM NEXEDGE

2 2. NEXEDGE ™

NEXEDGE - NXDN Is a trademark name of KENWOOD Corporation and ICOM Incorporated NXDN ™ refers to the Digital Air Interface protocol used by both KENWOOD and ICOM NXDN ™ Forum has been established on 7th September 2008, in USA. Infrastructure and radio manufacturers have joined the forum. Purpose of NXDN Forum is promoting the NXDN ™ protocol and contributing to the development of land mobile radio; NXDN™

NEXEDGE - NXDN Members of NXDN ™ Forum Aeroflex Wichita Inc. Altonika Ltd. Arinc Anritsu Company Avtec Inc. The Boeing Company Catalyst Communications Technologies, Inc. CML Microsystems Plc Connect Systems Inc. Daniels Electronics Ltd. Etherstack. EXACOM, Inc. General Dynamics SATCOM Technologies GME/Standard Communications Pty. Ltd. Hoag Electronics, Inc. Hytera Communications Corp., Ltd. Icom Incorporated JVC KENWOOD Corporation RF Technology Pty Ltd. Raven Electronics Corporation Ritron Inc. Swissphone Telecom AG Telex Radio Dispatch Group Trident Micro Systems Twisted Pair Solutions WAVECOM ELEKTRONIK AG Zetron, Inc.

NEXEDGE - Products NEXEDGE™ Is a trademark name of KENWOOD Corporation and a generic term used when refering to KENWOOD‘s Digital Communication System. KENWOOD‘s Digital Communication System consist of: NXR-700 / 800 Repeater / Base Stations NX-200 / 300 Portables NX-700 / 800 Mobiles NXR-710 / 810 Repeater / Base Stations NX-220 / 320 Portables NX-720 / 820 Mobiles

NEXEDGE - Features Key Advantages Fully Digital Data services in Analogue and Digital Available in VHF and UHF Ideal for Migration Analogue to Digital Radio-to-Radio operation Single Repeater operation Single Site Trunking Multi Site Trunking Applications – Dispatchers, AVLS

NEXEDGE - Equipments Hi Tier Equipment Mobile : NX-700/800 Repeater / Controller : NXR-700/800 Portable : NX-200/300 KTI 4: Telephone interface

NEXEDGE - Equipments Mid Tier Equipment Mobile : NX-720/820 Portable : NX-220/320 KTI 3: LAN interface

What does digital means? NEXEDGE – features What does digital means? Voice converted and transmitted in digital format! Digital signalling and voice Use of state-of-the-art AMBE +2 voice encoder/decoder FDMA – Frequency Division Multiple Access 12.5kHz or 6.25kHz channel spacing IP inter-site connectivity

NEXEDGE – Vocoder AMBE2+ Waveform vocoders coder use sampling, quantisation and coding process reproduce at the decoder the original speech samples on a sample by sample basis low complexity; good quality; high bit rate (standard PCM 64 kbps). Model based speech vocoders coder use a parametric model to approximate short (10-40 ms) segments of speech and convert into a bit low stream. the decoder converts this bit stream back into model parameters and then uses these parameters to synthesize the speech. high complexity; low bit rate (2kbps)

NEXEDGE – Speech Quality / Clarity Vocoder - advantages Speech Quality Digital error correction technology improve the voice quality by compensating missing signal by AMBE +2 VOCODER Clarity Kenwood Sound (same concept as TK-x180 series) Eliminate background noise by AMBE +2 VOCODER Outperform the legacy VOCODERS Natural Sounding Digital Voice (AMBE +2 VOCODER) Natural human speech nuances accurately unlike early technologies, such as TETRA (HSX – early 90’s) and P25(IMBE – 90’s)

NEXEDGE – Quality of Service Vocoder - comparison AMBE+2 TM - Most Advanced VOCODER Technology in PMR Today Enhanced Half-rate 3600 bps MOS (Mean Opinion Score) Measure of voice quality @ varying BER & VOCODER rates 3.5 MOS: Average Digital Cellular (VOCODER to VOCODER lab results) Source: DVSI Inc, USA P25 (IMBE): Full Rate NXDNTM (AMBE+2): Half Rate

NEXEDGE – NXDN modulation Modulation type: 4FSK (4 levels Frequency Shift Keying). frequency modulation; constant envelope modulation. FSK symbol mapping Bit 1 Bit 0 Symbol 4FSK Deviation 0 1 +3 +1 050 Hz 0 0 +1 +350 Hz 1 0 -1 -350 Hz 1 -3 -1 050 Hz

NEXEDGE – Performance comparison Analogue Audio Quality Signal Digital Weak Strong Min Quality 12dB SINAD (Analogue) 3% BER (Digital) Better performance at fringe area with high audio quality Digital error correction technology improve the performance at the fringe area by compensating missing signal Enables wider coverage than FM analog

NEXEDGE – Coverage Coverage Better sensitivity 6.25kHz bandwidth improve the sensitivity of the radios Wider coverage than DMR at same output power Output power flexibility Can perform the same output power with FM analog radio. Coverage will easily outperform TETRA. No distance limit for communication unlike TDMA solution

3 3. FDMA vs TDMA overview

FDMA and TDMA FDMA - TDMA FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) Time Frequency Bandwidth Time Slot Two Channels Two Slot

TDMA – Time Division Multiple Access FDMA and TDMA TDMA – Time Division Multiple Access Positive Power consumption lower compared to FM analog Full duplex possibility Negative Communication distance is theoretically restricted on Protocol Infrastructure required for full feature efficiency Cannot physically divide 12.5kHz channel into 2 channel (need to share 12.5kHz) Time Time Slot

FDMA – Frequency Division Multiple Access FDMA and TDMA FDMA – Frequency Division Multiple Access Positive No limitation on communication distance Physically locatable 6.25kHz channel Easy Migration from Legacy FM system Negative Frequency efficiency is 1 to 1 Frequency Bandwidth Two Channels Time

TDMA Spectrum Efficiency TDMA – Time Division Multiple Access TDMA 1 voice path @ CH 12.5 kHz “efficiency” Still occupies 12.5 kHz channel band width 12.5 kHz 12.5 kHz channel emission mask TDMA 2 voice path @ CH Equivalent with 6.25 kHz “efficiency” Time

FDMA Spectrum Efficiency FDMA – Frequency Division Multiple Access 12.5 kHz 6.25 kHz 12.5 kHz channel emission mask FDMA 1 voice path @ CH 12.5 KHz “efficiency” 6.25 KHz “efficiency” 6.25 kHz x 2 Can allocate another channel within 12.5 kHz channel emission mask if offset the Center Frequency Improve Interference resistance

4 4. Product Information

Product Information - NX-200/300 Portables 5W / 512 CH-GID / 128 Zones DTMF Keypad Models Analogue Conventional Zones LTR Zones Digital Conventional Zones Digital Trunking Zone Over-the-Air Alias Dual Priority Scan (FM/Digital CONV.) Conventional Single/Multi-Zone Scan 16-Position Mechanical Selector On/Off Volume Control Large Dot Matrix LCD Display 14 Character Alphanumeric Aliases Status LED 6 Front PF & Menu Keys

Product Information - NX-200/300 Portables 2 Side PF Keys Emergency/AUX Key QT/DQT, 2-Tone, DTMF (Analogue) FleetSync®/ II (Analogue ) 5-Tone MDC 1200 MPT 1327 Over the air programming (OTAP) Emergency Features (Analogue & Digital) Inversion Scrambler Built-in (Analogue) Digital Scrambler (Included) Encryption / ANI Board Control (Analogue) Easy Option Port NX 200 / 300 portables

Product Information - NX-200/300 Portables VGS-1 Voice Guide/Storage Option (Ana. & Digital) Weather-Sealed ACC Connector KMC-47GPS Speaker Mic Option (Ana. & Digital) MIL-Spec Speaker Mic Option MIL-STD-810 & IP 67Environments AES / DES Encryption NX-200E (keypad + display) 136-174 MHz NX-200E3 (display) 136-174 MHz NX-200SE 136-174 MHz NX-300E (keypad + display) 400-470 MHz NX-300E4 (display) 400-470 MHz NX-300SE 400-470 MHz

Product Information - NX-220/320 Portables 5W / 260 CH-GID / 128 Zones for E and E2 (display) 5W / 64 CH-GID / 4 Zones for E3 DTMF Keypad Models (E type) Analogue Conventional Zones LTR Zones Digital Conventional Zones Digital Trunking Zone Over-the-Air Alias Dual Priority Scan (FM/Digital CONV.) Conventional Single/Multi-Zone Scan 16-Position Mechanical Selector On/Off Volume Control Over the air programming 8 digit display alphanumeric Status LED 6 Front PF & Menu Keys 2 Side PF Keys

Product Information - NX-220/320 Portables Emergency/AUX Key QT/DQT, 2-Tone, DTMF (Analogue) FleetSync®/ II (Analogue ) 5 – Tone signaling (Analogue) MDC 1200 MPT 1327 (future option) Emergency Features (Analogue & Digital) Inversion Scrambler Built-in (Analogue) Digital Scrambler (Included) 2 pin Option Port KMC- 48GPS Speaker Mic Option (Ana. & Digital) MIL-Spec Speaker Mic Option MIL-STD-810 & IP 54/55 Environments NX-220E (keypad + display) 136-174 MHz NX-220E2 ( display) 136-174 MHz NX-200E3 (simple) 136-174 MHz NX-300E (keypad + display) 400-470 MHz NX-300E2 (display) 400-470 MHz NX-300E3 (simple) 400-470 MHz NX 220 / 320 portables

Product Information - NX-700/800 Mobiles 1-25W Models (180-Series Platform) 512 CH-GID / 128 Zones Dash & Remote Mount Analogue Conventional Zones LTR Zones MPT 1327 Digital Conventional Zones Digital Trunking Zone Over-the-Air Alias Dual Priority Scan (FM/Digital CONV.) Conventional Single/Multi-Zone Scan Dot Matrix LCD Display 14 Character Alphanumeric Aliases Status LED 6 PF / 4 Selector Keys Emergency/AUX Key DTMF Mic Option QT/DQT, 2-Tone, DTMF (Analogue) NX 700 / 800 Mobiles

Product Information - NX-700/800 Mobiles FleetSync®/ II (Analogue) Emergency Features (Analogue & Digital) Inversion Scrambler Built-in (Analogue) Digital Scrambler (Included) Encryption / ANI Board Control (Analogue) Easy Option Port VGS-1 Voice Guide/Storage Option (Analogue & Digital) Internal GPS Option (Analogue & Digital) MIL-Spec Mobile Mic MIL-STD-810 & IP54/55 Environments AES / DES Encryption NX-700E 25W 136-174 MHz NX-700HK 50W 136-174 MHz NX-800E 25W 400-470 MHz NX-800HK 45W 400-470 MHz

Product Information - NX-720(G)/820(G) Mobiles 25 W (136-174 MHz) / 25 W (400-470 MHz) Models 260 CH-GID / 128 Zones 10 Character Alphanumeric Aliases Backlit LCD & Keys 4 Up/Down Selectors 6 Front PF Keys Emergency/AUX Key 4W Speaker Audio Zone/CH Number Voice Announcement DB-15 Accessory Connector 6 Programmable AUX I/Os MIL-STD-810 C/D/E/F/G and IP54 Enviroments PC Serial Interface Built-in GPS Receiver Models Available (Optional KRA-40G GPS Active Antenna required for GPS functions) NX-720(G)/820(G) Mobiles

Product Information - NX-720(G)/820(G) Mobiles FleetSync®/ II (Analogue), 5 Tone, MDC 1200, DTMF Emergency Features (Analogue & Digital) Inversion Scrambler Built-in (Analogue) Digital Scrambler (Included) 64 Radio Access Numbers (RAN) Individual & Group Selective Call Mixed FM/Digital Operation Conventional IP Networks Site Roaming NXDN trunk mode (single and multisite) NX-720E / GE 25W 136-174 MHz NX-720HK /HGK 50W 136-174 MHz * NX-820E /GE 25W 400-470 MHz NX-820HK /HGK 45W 400-470 MHz * * Non EU market

Product Information - NXR-700/800 Base/Repeater NXR 700 / 800 Repeaters Integrated transceiver & Digital logic controller with 25W (EU version) Repeat, Duplex , Simplex or RF link Operation 30 Channel Operation- Scans FM, Digital & Mixed Conventional channels Analogue Conventional Mode (Included): 16 QT/DQT Repeater Controller built-in (TOT, Hang timer, CW ID, etc) Interface for external repeater panels/ LTR logic controllers Digital Conventional Mode (Included) 16 RAN Digital Repeater Controller built-in (TOT, Hang timer, CW ID, etc) Digital Trunking Mode (License Option) Multi-Site Trunked IP Network Mode (License Option) NXR-700 E 136-174 MHz (sub – bands) NXR-800 E 400-470 MHz (sub- bands)

Product Information - NXR-700/800 Base/Repeater NXR 700 / 800 Repeaters Controls, Indicators & Interfaces TX BNC DB9: PC Program/Flash or System Mgr Modem 6.25 kHz NXDN High Stability Reference REF Out (BNC; 6.25 kHz) EXT REF IN (BNC; 6.25 kHz) Fuse DC PWR FAN INT SPKR 2-DIGIT LED: CTL CH (TRK), CH# (Base stn) LEDs: CTRL CH OCXO, BUSY, TX, PWR ON/OFF Volume Knob RJ-11: MIC, Encryption key load 6 PF Keys Test Points / Ext Speaker DB25 Logic Controller & Remote Interface NXR FRAME SYNC (RJ-11, RS-485) NXR Network Interface (RJ-45, Ethernet IEEE 802.3) RX BNC RS-232 Null modem

Product Information - NXR-710/810 Base/Repeater NXR 710 / 810 Repeaters Integrated transceiver & Digital logic controller with 50 / 40 W (EU version) Repeat, Duplex , Simplex or RF link Operation 30 Channel Operation- Scans FM, Digital & Mixed Conventional channels Analogue Conventional Mode (Included): 16 QT/DQT Repeater Controller built-in (TOT, Hang timer, CW ID, etc) Interface for external repeater panels Digital Conventional Mode (Included) 16 RAN Digital Repeater Controller built-in (TOT, Hang timer, CW ID, etc) NXR-710 E 136-174 MHz (Full bandwidth) NXR-810 E 400-470MHz (Full bandwidth)

5 5. NEXEDGE Operating Modes

NEXEDGE Operating Modes Simplex – Conventional Analog Radio to Radio – Analogue Mode No need for separate base station! Analogue Analogue Analogue Mode Analogue Individual Call Group Call Signalling Analogue Analogue Analogue

NEXEDGE Operating Modes Simplex – Conventional Digital Radio to Radio – Digital Mode No need for separate base station! Digital Analog Digital Mode Individual Call Group Call Signalling Digital Digital Digital Digital

NEXEDGE Operating Modes Simplex – Conventional Mixed Radio to Radio – Mixed Mode Analogue Transmission Start Analogue Analogue Analogue Mixed Analogue Analogue Analogue

NEXEDGE Operating Modes Simplex – Conventional Mixed Radio to Radio – Mixed Mode Digital Transmission Start Digital Mixed Digital Digital Digital

NEXEDGE Operating Modes Repeater – Conventional Analog Repeater – Analogue Mode Analogue Analogue Transmission Start Analogue Analogue Analogue Analogue Analogue

NEXEDGE Operating Modes Repeater – Conventional Digital Repeater – Digital Mode Digital Digital Transmission Start Digital Digital Digital Digital

NEXEDGE Operating Modes Repeater – Conventional Mixed Repeater – Mixed Mode Analogue Analogue Transmission Start Analogue Analogue Analogue Analogue Analogue

NEXEDGE Operating Modes Conventional IP Network NXR 800 Digital RAN = 11 Analog NXR 700 Digital RAN = 11 IP Connection Digital RAN = 11 NXR 700

NEXEDGE Operating Modes Site Roaming – terminal voting (NXDN)

NEXEDGE Operating Modes Site Roaming – terminal voting (NXDN) Procedure Network Failure at Primary and Secondary Repeater Network Failure at Primary Repeater Basic Procedure Usually, the Primary repeater transits the synchronized signal to other repeaters. Then, All repeaters transmits the Beacon signal at same timing. If there are any problems at primary repeater with network, and When the Secondary repeater does not receive the synchronized signal from primary repeater three times, The secondary repeater starts to transmit the synchronized signal to other repeater. Before the secondary repeater starts to transmit the signal, all repeater transmits the Beacon signal each timing. When Deselected repeaters does not receive the synchronized signal from Primary and secondary, Deselected repeaters transmits the beacon signal each timing.

NEXEDGE Operating Modes Receiver Voting – Digital mode (NXDN)

NEXEDGE Operating Modes Digital Trunking Single Site – 2 to 30 Channels IP Combiner Supports: Individual Calls Group Calls Status calls Data calls Encryption

NEXEDGE Operating Modes Digital Trunking – single site

NEXEDGE Operating Modes Digital Trunking – Multi Site Currently up to 48 sites Individual Calls Group Calls Status calls Data calls Encryption System Manager (IP connection) Router Ethernet Switch IP Connection XYZ Trunking Multi-Site Wide Area Coverage Radio-Over-IP LAN / WAN Integration Scalable Expansion

NEXEDGE Operating Modes Digital Trunking – Multi Site XYZ Trunking Multi-Site Wide Area Coverage Radio-Over-IP LAN / WAN Integration Scalable Expansion

NEXEDGE Operating Modes - Summary Radio-to-Radio Analogue Digital Mixed Repeater Analogue Digital Mixed IP conventional multisite Analogue Digital Mixed Trunking Digital Single Site Digital Multi Site

6 6. NEXEDGE Features

NEXEDGE – Conventional Features Service Radio to Radio Repeater Group Call Yes Individual Call Encryption Data Call (Group/Individual) Data with Voice Transparent Data Status Call Emergency Call & Alert Remote Stun / Revive Late Entry Mixed Mode operation (12.5kHz) Analog 25.0kHz Analog 20.0kHz Analog 12.5kHz Digital 12.5kHz Digital 6.25kHz FleetSync signaling Lone Worker Operation

NEXEDGE – Trunk Features Trunking Service Single Site Multi Site Group Call Yes Individual Call Encryption Data Call (Group/Individual) Data with Voice on Traffic channel Transparent Data Status Call Emergency Call & Alert Remote Stun / Revive Priority Monitor Late Entry Unit ID Registration - Group ID Registration Remote Group Add ESN Authentication Roaming N/A Site Trunking Fail Soft Lone Worker Operation

NEXEDGE - Security Features Casual Eavesdropping Analog Inversion Scrambler Built-in (FM) NXDNTM Digital Air Protocol – “Inherent level of security” More Sophisticated Adversaries Aftermarket Encryption / ANI Board Support (FM) NXDNTM Digital Voice Scrambler (NXDNTM) Kenwood Hi Secure Encryption Module Options Sensitive Information: Commerce Operations Facilities Assets Precious Cargo Personal Info Customer Info Secure Information: Competitiveness Security & Safety Liability & Risk Exposure Law Enforcement OPS Critical Infrastructure Home Office Competitors, news media, unions, activists, hackers, criminals, terrorists, etc

NEXEDGE - Security Features Authentication HW key (unique per system) Activation file, System Key File Air Interface Encryption Air Interface Key Management Mechanism Enable / Disable Stun, Revive, Kill End-to-End Encryption (E2EE)

NEXEDGE - Security Features SCM The Secure Cryptographic Module (SCM) is a hardware cryptographic module developed by Kenwood Corporation Developed for: TK-5XX0 series FM/P25 digital two way radios NX/NXR- series NEXEDGE digital two way radios. This Security Policy was prepared as one of the requirements of FIPS 140-2.

NEXEDGE - AES & DES SCM Module KWD-AE21 AES (Encryption key = 256bit) DES (Encryption key = 56bit ) KWD-DE21 DES (Encryption key = 56bit) KPG-151AE with USB dongle KPG-111D Need permission of Ministry of Trade to export

7 7. NEXEDGE - TETRA Comparison

NEXEDGE - TETRA Comparison TETRA (Terrestrial Trunked Radio) is an open standard for digital mobile radio communication defined by ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute). Originally conceived and developed for use by European Union government and public safety agencies. Later adopted as the worldwide “de facto” standard, except North America, for digital radio communications systems. Provides a high-end solution for small private systems up to large public networks, while preserving characteristics and advantages of private land mobile radio systems, such as fast call set-up, group calls, and direct mode communication (talkaround). What is TETRA?

NEXEDGE - TETRA Comparison TETRA General Concepts TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) Each RF carrier (radio channel) is divided into 4 x timeslots within a 25 KHz channel The transmission rate is 7.2 Kbps per timeslot. Modulation: π/4 DQPSK Vocoder: Adaptive Code Excited Linear Prediction (ACELP)

NEXEDGE - TETRA Comparison What is NEXEDGE ? Is a trademark name of KENWOOD Corporation and a generic term used when refering to KENWOOD‘s Digital Communication System. NEXEDGE technology is based on NXDN Common Air Interface (CAI). NXDN is a trademark name of KENWOOD Corporation and ICOM Incorporated. The NXDN protocol is an open proprietary protocol KENWOOD‘s Digital Communication System consist of: NXR-700 / 800 Repeater / Base Stations NX-200 / 300 High Tier Portables NX-700 / 800 High Tier Mobiles NXR-710 / 810 Repeater / Base Stations NX-720 / 820 Mid Tier Mobiles NX-220 / 320 Mid Tier Portables

NEXEDGE - TETRA Comparison NEXEDGE General Concepts FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) Each RF carrier is handling a radio channel within 12.5 KHz or 6.25 KHz bandwidth The transmission rate is 9.6 Kbps @ 12.5 KHz and 4.8 Kbps @ 6.25 KHz Modulation: 4 FSK Vocoder: Advanced Multiband Excitation 2 plus (AMBE 2+)

NEXEDGE - TETRA Comparison Spectrum Efficiency Bandwidth 200kHz GSM (half-rate) PMR 25 kHz NEXEDGE 6.25 kHz 200 kHz channelling 8 channels 16 channels 25 kHz channelling 8 channels / 200 kHz 12.5 kHz channelling 16 channels / 200 kHz 4 channels / carrier 32 channels / 200 kHz NEXEDGE 12.5 kHz 25 kHz channelling 4 timeslots / carrier 32 channels / 200 kHz TETRA

NEXEDGE - TETRA Comparison Coverage  Parameter TETRA NEXEDGE RF power portable 1-3 W 5 W RF power mobile 2-10 W 25 W Static sensitivity - 112 dBm - 120 dBm Dynamic - 103 dBm - 114 dBm Communication distance* TETRA : Mobile@8km/h, Suburb, 10W  11km TETRA : Portable@8km/h, Suburb, 1W  5.7km Less than 1/2 of UHF NEXEDGE’s Communication distance Almost 1/4 of VHF NEXEDGE’s Communication distance Number of Base station* Need 4-6 (16-18) TETRA sites to cover the area which NEXEDGE can cover by 1site in UHF (VHF)

8 8. NEXEDGE Migration Path

NEXEDGE – Migration Analogue/Digital Repeater Analog → Digital 12.5kHz or 6.25kHz single site 25W 25W Analogue Repeater and Controller Equipment NXR 710 or 810 DC Power Supply DC Power Supply This is an example of migration from an analogue system to the NEXEDGE digital system. In this slide shows a 12.5 digital system image. If a customer wants to keep the current their equipment to new system, the most of equipment can carry over to the digital system. We have launched only for K-type which is 5watts output power, then it required an RF amplifier each channel. Also, We have to suggest the reference oscillator when apply a 6.25kHz operation. The reference oscillator can be shared with other channel via link cable, it is not necessary to instal each channel.

NEXEDGE – Migration Analogue/Digital Trunking Analog → Digital NEXEDGE 12.5kHz or 6.25kHz single site DC Power Supply Combiner 25W OCXO (Option) Analogue Repeater and Controller Equipment NXR 700 or 800 OCXO is an option for high stability oscllator.

NEXEDGE – Migration Analogue/Digital MPT Trunking (MPT → Digital NEXEDGE) MPT Controller Analogue Repeater Combiner 25W OCXO (Option) NXR 700 or 800 Control channel Digital Control channel Traffic CH Sharing OCXO is an option for high stability oscillator. 75 75

NEXEDGE Migration from current MPT System MPT – NEXEDGE - migration

9 9. Programming

Programming NEXEDGE - software KPG-111D NX-200/300/700/800 Program Software Required for all modes Trunked mode: Requires system key file (*.SKF) created by KPG-110SM KPG-109D NXR-700/800 Program Software Conventional configuration Trunking Frequencies Programs basic Base (Simplex/Duplex) or Repeat operations Configures multiple NXR for trunked site CC & TC’s KPG-110SM System Manager Software Required for trunked sites and networks (not used for conventional) Hardware Key and Activation File are required (required to run program) .NET 2.xx installation is required System Key file creation Programs NXR trunking parameters, subscriber privileging, multi-site network parameters Performs NXR and network diagnostics, downloads call logs / event history

Programming NEXEDGE - software KPG-141D NX-220/320 Program Software Required for all modes Trunked mode: Requires system key file (*.SKF) created by KPG-110SM KPG-129D NXR-710/810 Program Software Conventional configuration KPG-143D NX-200/300/700/800 MPT trunk configuration

Programming NEXEDGE - software NXR-700/800 Repeater KPG-109D KPG-110SM Mobile KPG-111D NX-200/300 Portable NX-220/320 KPG-141D Trunking Conventional Copyright © 2010 KENWOOD All rights reserved. May not be copied or reprinted without prior written approval.

10 10. Applications

Applications – AVL & DISPATCH SOFTWARE KAS 10 AVL & Dispatch application (IP protocol - trunking)

Applications – AVL & DISPATCH SOFTWARE KAS 10 AVL & Dispatch separate window Google Earth Maps Scanned Map (Raster format) JPEG (.jpg, .jpeg, .jpe, .jfif); BMP (.bmp); WMF (.wmf); EMF (.emf); Up to 10 map available; 2560 x 1600 pixels. NEXEDGETM , FleetSync IP protocol and PC protocol interface, Optimized for Windows 7

Applications – AVL & DISPATCH SOFTWARE KAS 10 Microsoft MapPoint 2006/2009/2010/2011 - Maps (optional). Text Message: NEXEDGE: 100 characters – Short Text Message; 4090 characters – Long Text Message; FLEETSYNC / 5-Tone: 48 characters – Short Text Message; 1024 characters – Long Text Message; Special functions: Stun, Revive, Kill, Remote Monitor, Remote regrouping (trunk) Voice record functions;

Applications - Wireless Image System KAS 11 System Overview NEXEDGE Digital System IP NETWORK CCTV Camera Image Encoder Unit Capture still picture image Image compression Send image via NEXEDGE system Image expansion Image Viewer Software 85

Applications - Wireless Image System KAS 11 NXDN Conventional & Trunking Compatible 12.5 & 6.25kHz Bandwidths IP NETWORK Image Encoder Unit CCTV Camera NEXEDGE Digital System Image Encoder Unit Image Viewer Software KAS-11 Windows® Compatible 1 / 4 / 16 Split Image Display Image Sizing History Log Bitmap Image Export Password Protected Access KVT-11 Video Input (1 Channel, BNC) NTSC/PAL Composite Signal Still Picture Compression byMPEG-4AVC/H.264 4 Status LED’s 86

Applications - Over the Air Programming (OTAP) OTAP features Re-program some FPU data to Radio via Air (without Cable) Re-program a part of the data that is changed (Differential)

Applications - Over the Air Programming (OTAP) OTAP operating mode OTAP Manager Serial Cable Over the Air Over the Air Read Base Unit 1 FPU DATA Base Unit 2 FPU Base Unit 3 OTAP Manager reads FPU data stored in PC Manage or Send OTAP data via base unit OTAP Data can be sent through Conventional / Single site /Multi Site or sent direct (NXDN Long Data CAI) Subscribers receive / store / update the data

Applications – Repeater Monitoring (KPG-149RM) Repeater / Site Monitoring

Applications – Repeater Monitoring (KPG-149RM) Repeater / Site Monitoring Real Time Equipment Fail Monitor for Conventional and Trunking Connection alert RX alert TX alert Temperature alert Power alert Fan alert Alert Tone and Color Indicate Notification E-mail Notification Logging

Applications – Trunk System Manager (KPG-110SM) System Manager - Trunking

Applications – Trunk System Manager (KPG-110SM) System Manager – Main functions A. Settings Creation of System Key file Systems settings IP Address assignment Single site, multi site configuration Site Information Channels (Control/ Traffic) ID Service Class settings Fleet Information GID’s and UID’s IP console Telephone interface Firmware update FPU data file read / write

Applications – Trunk System Manager (KPG-110SM) System Manager – Main functions B. Monitoring System Overview IP Network System Overview hardware Channel state Channel load Communication log System log Statistics

Applications – IP and PC Protocol IP Interface protocol can be released under Confidential Agreement. NXR - 700/800 – Trunk IP protocol NXR – 710/810 – IP Conventional protocol PC Serial Interface Protocol V2.00 or later version supports digital operation NX - 700/800/200/300 NX – 720/820/220/320 PC Interface protocol can be released under Confidential Agreement. This is an example of migration from an analogue system to the NEXEDGE digital system. In this slide shows a 12.5 digital system image. If a customer wants to keep the current their equipment to new system, the most of equipment can carry over to the digital system. We have launched only for K-type which is 5watts output power, then it required an RF amplifier each channel. Also, We have to suggest the reference oscillator when apply a 6.25kHz operation. The reference oscillator can be shared with other channel via link cable, it is not necessary to install each channel.

11 11. Web resources

NEXEDGE Web resources Web resources NEXEDGE Home Page http://nexedge.kenwood.com/ NXDN forum http://www.nxdn-forum.com/ dPMR MoU http://www.dpmr-mou.org/

12 12. Summary

NEXEDGE – Summary Summary Digital signalling and voice Use of state-of-the-art AMBE +2 voice encoder/decoder FDMA – Frequency Division Multiple Access 12.5kHz and 6.25kHz channel spacing IP intersite connectivity

NEXEDGE – Summary Summary Fully Digital Available in VHF and UHF Ideal for Migration Analogue to Digital Radio-to-Radio Single Repeater Single Site Trunking Multi Site Trunking Applications – Dispatchers, AVLS

NEXEDGE – Conclusion Summary Better coverage than other digital radios systems More cost effective Better Migration Solution Multi Vendor Trunking Options available Dispatcher Applications available

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