PROPHET MUHAMMAD (pbuh) I. Birth to Hijrah: In Mecca

Subjects dealt with: 1. Lineage 2. Early Childhood 3. Adulthood 4. Events 5. Prophethood 6. Up to Emigration to Medina

Subjects dealt with: Muhammad 2. Early Childhood 3. Adulthood 4. Events 5. Prophethood 6. To Medina 1. Lineage

Lineage Muhammad Abdullah Abdul Mut’talib Aminah Wahab

Early years of Muhammad Raised by Halima in the desert area for first few years Brought back to his family: Age 5 Years His mother Aminah dies: Age 6 Years In custody and care of Abdul Mut’talib Grandfather Abdul Mut’talib dies: Age 8 Years Uncle Abu Talib is the custodian and protector: Age 8 Years up.

Muhammad in his Teens Travels to Syria: Age 12 Yrs Caravan Experience Buhaira the Monk: Unique experience Seeing Syria Works as a shepherd

Muhammad in his twenties In Charge of Khadijah’s Caravan to Syria Marries Khadijah Known as Al-Amin (for his integrity) Al-Amin means The Trustworthy Solves the Ka'ba Dispute: Unique solution Let the head of each clan share All lifting the Black Stone to put it in Place

Black Stone: Solution in Fairness In Rebuilding Al-Ka`ba the Tribes compete for honor: 1.To Place the Black Stone in place 2.Possibility of Fighting 3.Solution needed 4.Muhammad (Age 25), called Al-Amin was entrusted for verdict 5.His solution prevented a war Decision Making for the black stone resolution:. 1.Vision for a solution 2.Synthesizing the fair deal 3.A collaborative approach. 4.Win-win situation. 5.Fairness to all. 6.Justice and Equity were done

Decision Engine of a decision-making According to Akram Al-Attar Any Problem 1. Analysis 2. Design 3. Evaluation 4. Implementation 5. Monitoring To Consider

5. Timing factor 4. Economic factor Components of Planning According to Akram Al-Attar 2. Political factor 3. Functional factor 1. Social factorComponents All above factors are to be considered and weighed for every decision

Muhammad in his thirties Character: Impeccable Several Children: Four girls and Three boys Marriage Relationship: Ideal

Religions of the times: Arabia and Areas Around Arabia: Mostly Pagans, Some Christians, and Many Jews Persia: Mostly Zoroastrians, Many Christians, and Many Jews Byzantine: Mostly Christians, Many Jews, and some Zoroastrians All above had some Pagans

Social behavior Visiting the Poor quite often Helping the Disadvantaged as possible Tending to the sick Retreating to Cave Hiraa Fairly often More so during Ramadhan

Prophethood At Hiraa: Gets the Message Sees Gabriel: While descending down the Noor Mountain Goes Home: Scared and Exhausted Relates to Khadijah the First revelations

The first Revelation "Read in the name of your Lord who creates; He created man from a cell. Read and your Lord is most gracious, Who taught by the pen, He taught man what man knew not." اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ خَلَقَ الإنسَانَ مِنْ عَلَقٍ اقْرَأْ وَرَبُّكَ الأكْرَمُ الَّذِي عَلَّمَ بِالْقَلَمِ عَلَّمَ الإنسَانَ مَا لَمْ يَعْلَمْ

Hiraa cave On top of Noor Mountain Facing Mecca and Ka’ba Complete silence and Pure air Perfect for Meditation

Jabal Al-Noor

Earliest Muslims Khadijah: First person (woman) to Islam Maysara: Servant of the Prophet Ali: First male to Islam (10 Yr old) Abu Bakr: Friend of the Prophet

In Sermon 192, Ali: about the Prophet Every year the Prophet used to go in seclusion to Hiraa', where I saw him but no one else saw him. In those days no Islam existed in a house except that of the Prophet, Khadijahh, and myself, their 3rd. I saw the Light of Divine Revelation and the message, and inhaled the aroma of Prophethood. When the revelation descended on the Prophet I heard the hiss of Satan. I said, "O' Prophet of Allah, what is this hiss?" and he replied, "This is Satan who has lost hope of being worshipped. O' `Ali, you see all that I see and you hear all that I hear, except that you are not a Prophet, but you are a vicegerent (Wazir) and you are surely on the path of virtue." وَلَقَدْ كَانَ يُجَاوِرُ فِي كُلِّ سَنَة بِحِرَاءَ، فَأَرَاهُ وَلاَ يَرَاهُ غَيْرِي، وَلَمْ يَجْمَعْ بَيْتٌ وَاحِدٌ يَوْمَئِذ فِي الاِْسْلاَمِ غَيْرَ رَسُولِ اللهِ (صلى الله عليه وآله) وَخَدِيجَةَ وَأَنَا ثَالِثُهُمَا، أَرَى نُورَ الْوَحْيِ وَالرِّسَالَةِ، وَأَشُمُّ رِيحَ النُّبُوَّةِ. وَلَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ رَنَّةَ الشَّيْطَانِ حِينَ نَزَلَ الْوَحْيُ عَلَيْهِ (صلى الله عليه وآله) فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ مَا هذِهِ الرَّنَّةُ؟ فَقَالَ: «هذَا الشَّيْطَانُ قَدْ أَيِسَ مِنْ عِبَادَتِهِ، إِنَّكَ تَسْمَعُ مَا أَسْمَعُ، وَتَرَى مَا أَرَى، إِلاَّ أَنَّكَ لَسْتَ بِنَبِيّ، وَلكِنَّكَ وَزِيرٌ، وَإِنَّكَ لَعَلَى خَيْر».

Message Confidential 1. Friends and the Close Ones 2. The Disadvantaged: The slaves The Meek The lowest in the Society The above formed THE HARD CORE Sermons: Frequent and Irresistibly attractive

Message in the open By the 3 rd Yr of advent of Islam Party at Home: about 40 people Speech at Mount Safa: Call for Islam Pagan Disbelievers: Animosity against Muhammad and Islam is Intensified Harassment: Accelerated

Quraish treatment of Muslims Harsh Measures: Harassments to the extreme Killing Yasir and his Wife by quartering them. Their son, Ammar, is orphaned Bilal: Dealt with by horrible and mean treatment, but he defiantly stood fast Abuse of Muhammad (pbuh) became very frequent

To the refuge By the 5 th Yr, life intolerable: Wave of Muslims leave to Abyssinia Second wave follow (about 80 people) Quranic Revelations: Continue frequently Conditions in Mecca continue to deteriorate Muslims in Mecca have a very rough time

Arabia and Abyssinia Abyssinia: Several hundred miles from Arabia Across the Red Sea The King was Just and Noble: Name was Nagus Quraish requested the King to kick out the Muslims from Abyssinia After Listening to the Islamic Message, the King refused the Pagan Meccan’s Request

Why the animosity by Quraish? Fear of loss: Their Financial Status Loss of Prestige and Standing in the Community Change of Character of the Jahiliya Facing Defiance and Challenge by Islam Fear of the Unknown

Omar embraces Islam Goes to his sister’s house, hears reading When asked, was told it was the Quran Angry, slaps sister then feels remorse Listening to Quran, has change of heart Heads to Muhammad’s meeting Declares his embrace of Islam

Omar hears the following WHAT IS IN HEAVENS AND ON EARTH DECLARES THE GLORY OF ALLAH, FOR HE IS THE ALL ‑ MIGHTY, THE ALL ‑ WISE TO HIM BELONGS THE KINGDOM OF HEAVENS AND EARTH HE CAUSES LIFE AND HE CAUSES DEATH, FOR HE DOES ALL HE PLEASES. HE IS THE FIRST AND THE LAST, THE APPARENT AND THE HIDDEN. FOR HE KNOWS ALL THINGS,... سَبَّحَ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأَرْضِ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ سَبَّحَ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأَرْضِ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأَرْضِ يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ هُوَ الأَوَّلُ وَالآخِرُ وَالظَّاهِرُ وَالْبَاطِنُ وَهُوَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأَرْضَ فِي سِتَّةِ أَيَّامٍ ثُمَّ اسْتَوَى عَلَى الْعَرْشِ يَعْلَمُ مَا يَلِجُ فِي الأَرْضِ وَمَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْهَا وَمَا يَنزِلُ مِنَ السَّمَاء وَمَا يَعْرُجُ فِيهَا وَهُوَ مَعَكُمْ أَيْنَ مَا كُنتُمْ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِير

Efforts to buy out Muhammad Quraish Tried: BribingOfferingsAbuseVerbalPhysical

Harsh measure to the extreme Quraish boycotts Benu Hashim Muhammad and all Benu Hashim: Along with their families In an eerie valley without Communication or Interaction Boycott lasting three years Conditions deteriorating fast: Hunger, Sickness, and Desperation As a result: Wife (Khadijah), and Uncle (Abu Talib) Die

Dome over Khadijah’s Grave, Pre 1925

Jannatul Mu'alla,جنة المعلى, Mecca, Pre 1925

Jannatul Mu'alla,جنة المعلى, Mecca, Nowadays

Israa and Mi’raaj Israa and Mi’raaj a most Unique Journey Muhammad Taken from Mecca to Jerusalem From Jerusalem to Heavens above To be in the Presence of God Five daily Prayers Commanded The Holy Quran says: سُبْحَانَ الَّذِي أَسْرَى بِعَبْدِهِ لَيْلاً مِّنَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ الأَقْصَى الَّذِي بَارَكْنَا حَوْلَهُ لِنُرِيَهُ مِنْ آيَاتِنَا إِنَّهُ هُوَ السَّمِيعُ البَصِيرُ Glory be to him who by night took His servant from the Masjid Al-Haram to Masjid Al-Aqsa, to show His Wonders... to show His Wonders...

The Message Number of Muslims: Slowly increasing Attitude of the Pagans: Antagonistic to the Extreme Attempts in Taif: Very disappointing The revelations: A large part of Quran is revealed by now

Negotiations with Medina delegation First Group from Medina: About a dozen Second Group from Medina: About 70 Conditions in Medina: Inviting and Friendly To Leave Mecca: Mandatory but has to be planned well

Disbelievers' attempt I Representation from every tribe: To Kill Muhammad All are to Kill Muhammad at Night When all share in Killing Muhammad: Clan of Muhammad would not be able to avenge his blood against all Thus, the Disbelievers get rid of Islam

The escape Ali stays eagerly in Muhammad's Bed, Risking his Life: Attackers think Muhammad was in bed Instead, attackers see Ali in his bed Enraged, they ask: Where is Muhammad Ali gleefully answers: You are the pursuer Alarmed, the disbelievers call for massive search: Large Price to find Muhammad

The escape II Abu Bakr waits in his house for Muhammad Nighttime: Muhammad escapes unnoticed Muhammad and Abu Bakr Leave undiscovered: To Thaur Mountain Thaur Mountain is rough and South of Mecca

In cave Thaur Quraish in the lookout for Muhammad High price offered to anyone finding Muhammad Muhammad and Abu Bakr stay for 3 days in the cave Location of cave in Thaur Mountain The role of the Dove and Spider

Cave of Thaur Mountain Food and news brought in by Asmaa daughter of Abu Bakr Hurriedly: Spider weaves a Web at the cave’s entrance A dove builds a nest Quraish in a Chase: Reaches the Cave, but abandons search because of the Web and Nest at the cave’s entrance

Toward Medina Suraqah in pursuit: Finds Muhammad but changes and becomes Defender than Pursuer Travel Condition: Along uncommonly used road, rough, tough, and hot Special Revelation: Quran promises Muhammad that he would return in triumph After two weeks, they arrive at Qubaa

The Revelation of promise Surah 8 : Ayah 85: Surah 8 : Ayah 85: Lo! He who imposed on you the Holy Quran will bring you back (to Mecca in triumph) إِنَّ الَّذِي فَرَضَ عَلَيْكَ الْقُرْآنَ لَرَادُّكَ إِلَى مَعَادٍ

The Miraculous Escape 1. Muhammad requests Ali: to occupy his bed, to fool the Disbelievers 4. Muhammad and Abu Bakr; hide in a cave in Mount Thaur, 3 days The Escape to Medina 6. They arrive in Medina, wait for Ali, build Qubaa Mosque, 3. Muhammad goes to the waiting Abu Bakr: both escape unnoticed 2. Muhammad escapes unnoticed by the Disbelievers 5. They take western route to Medina: Suraqah catches up with them

For Details Go to: Islamicbooks.info then choose: Series of Islamic Books: Muhammad Vol. I

Thank you May God Bless you. Dr. A.S. Hashim