Muscles that move the shoulder girdle and arms Notes on the muscles when used in yoga practice Rosie Evans 18 June 2011

Muscles of shoulder girdle Classified into three groups according to location of attachments FROM AXIAL SKELETON TO SHOULDER GIRDLE (SCAPULA AND CLAVICLE) Serratus anterior Upper trapezius Middle trapezius Lower trapezius Rhomboideus major and minor Pectoralis minor Levator scapulae FROM SCAPULA AND CLAVICLE TO HUMERUS Deltoid "Rotator cuff" supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor subscapularis Teres major Coracobrachialis Biceps brachii (long head) Triceps brachii (long head) FROM AXIAL SKELETON TO HUMERUS Pectoralis major Latissimus dorsi Rosie Evans 18 June 2011

Anterior and Posterior View Rosie Evans 18 June 2011

Muscles of shoulder girdle Deltoid Raises arm from body at front side and rear Pectoralis Minor Moves shoulder blade Pectoralis Major Draws arm towards body and rotates upper arm inwards Trapezius rotates and retracts shoulder blade Rosie Evans 18 June 2011

Muscles of shoulder girdle Rhomboids : Minor and Major Help retract shoulder blades and return them to rest position Serratus Anterior Rotates and extends shoulder blades Rotator Cuff Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres Minor Subscapularis Rosie Evans 18 June 2011

Muscles of Upper Arm Brachialis Biceps brachii Long head of triceps Brings forearm towards shoulder Biceps brachii Flexes forearm at elbow and turns palm upwards Long head of triceps Extends forearm at elbow and straightens arm Medial head of triceps Rosie Evans 18 June 2011

Deltoideus Composed of three parts: anterior (flexes and rotates humerus) middle (abducts humerus at shoulder) and posterior (extends and laterally rotates humerus) Raises arm away from body to front, side and rear Originates in clavicle Active in waving and reaching Yoga asana : Utkatasana Natarajasana Virabhadrasana 1 Bakasana Rosie Evans 18 June 2011

Pectoralis Minor Flat muscle concealed by pectoralis major and also forms anterior wall of axilla Draws scapula forward and downward. Accessory muscle of inspiration Tightness restricts expansion of chest Yoga asana : Virabhadrasana 1 Rosie Evans 18 June 2011

Pectoralis Major Forms anterior wall of axilla Originates in clavicular head Adducts and medially rotates humerus Brings arm forward and across body Tightness causes rounding of back and restricts chest open Yoga asana : Tiryaka Tadasana Adho Mukha Svanasana with forearms down Dhanurasana Virabhadrasana 1 Rosie Evans 18 June 2011

Trapezius Originates at base of skull and includes all thoracic vertebrae Elevates the shoulder girdle Helps prevent depression of shoulder girdle when weight carrying Yoga asana : Parsvottanasana (with arms) Garudasana Gomukasana Marjaryasana (Cat) Bakasana Rosie Evans 18 June 2011

Serratus Anterior Forms medial wall of axilla along upper five ribs Protracts scapula into chest wall. Rotates scapula for abduction and flexion of arm Yoga asana : Utkatasana Garudasana Utthita Parsvakonasana Bakasana Adho Mukha Svanasana Salabasana Rosie Evans 18 June 2011

Rhomboids : Major and Minor The Rhomboids are active in poses that require adduction, elevation, or downward rotation of the scapula They will work eccentrically to control scapular abduction (protraction), depression, and upward rotation Yoga asana : Gomukhasana (arms) Ardha Matsyendrasana Parivritti Baddah Parsvakonasana Salamba Sarvangasana Rosie Evans 18 June 2011

Rotator Cuff Consists of four important main muscles : SITS Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Subscapularis Stabilises the shoulder Elevates and rotates the arm Each muscle originates on the shoulder blade, or scapula, and inserts on the arm bone, or humerus Yoga asana : Vrksasana arms (supraspinatus) Urdhva Mukha Svanasana (infraspinatus) Natarajasana (teres minor) Gomukhasana (subscapularis) Rosie Evans 18 June 2011

Biceps Brachii Operates over three joints Shoulder Elbow Wrist Flexes elbow joint and supinates forearm Function : picking up objects Yoga asana : Bakasana Trikonasana Rosie Evans 18 June 2011

Aims and Objectives To develop upper body strength To develop flexibility in the upper body To improve posture and therefore breathing To work with awareness, care and control To encourage students to develop their range of movement safely To create awareness of the physical body To explore within the range of movement To maintain a full range of movement To engage the mind, body and breath Rosie Evans 18 June 2011

Rosie Evans 18 June 2011