Warm-up for Why have there been few Paleo artifacts found in GA? a)Remains of the old “Stone Age” have been destroyed by natural forces. b)The nomadic Paleo Indians did not leave many artifacts in any one place. c)Paleo sites were often looted by other groups that came after them. d)Paleo Indians lived primarily in the western states, not in Georgia. COPY QUESTION AND THE ENTIRE CORRECT ANSWER!!!!

Georgia’s Prehistoric Periods

Prehistoric Time Period DwellingsWeaponsFoodReligion PALEO “very old” Dates: around 10,000 B.C. – 8, 000 B.C. lived in groups of always on the move (nomadic) in search of food = NO permanent form of housing used natural features – slept in caves, under trees, or in dug out pits with brush coverings Basic tools made of stone - spears, knives, scrapers Atlatl – propelled spears long distances Large game – Mammoth,. Sloth, Bison, and Mastodons As period moves on and climate warms, natural fruits, nuts, and berries too No evidence found May have had a general spirituality though ARCHAIC “old” Dates: 8,000 B.C. – 1,000 B.C. Combined groups to form larger groups of Around 6,000 B.C., semi-permanent, seasonal housing created Wooden pole homes with thatch roof. Foundation of house 1- 2 feet below surface level for keep cool. Not constructed for long- term use. Invented a wider variety of tools to save time and effort Grooved axe – used primarily to cut wood (stone axe head with wood handle ) Drill, chipper Knives, spears, and scrapers still used Becoming more refined. Smaller and sharper spearpoints/stone heads Archaic Indians moved from season to season in search of food. hunting smaller game now – deer, bear, turkey, rabbit, reptiles, birds, and fish Fruits, nuts, and berries make up bulk of diet Shellfish a big part of diet “Middens” = large trash heaps of discarded shells found at Sapelo Island off the coast of GA (around 2,500 B.C.) Pottery first created and used for food storage and cooking. This allows Indians to travel less in search of food. Proper burial of the dead in specifically designated burial grounds. Burial appears to be “plain” – no extra items buried with dead until the very end of the period (closer to 1,000 B.C.) Georgia’s Prehistoric Periods (Indian Traditions): CHANGE OVER TIME

Prehistoric Time Period DwellingsWeaponsFoodReligion WOOD- LAND “Moundbuilders” Trade becomes common over long distances during this period. Dates: 1,000 B.C. – 1,000 A.D. small bands of Indians join together to form larger tribes of homes becoming more permanent with solid cane/grass mat walls. Wooden pole structure still used and foundation sitting 1-2 ft. below ground surface level. Large, circular hole in the roof made to allow smoke to escape. Bow-and-arrow invented. More accurate, greater speed, lighter, and “re-loadable” same tools as in Archaic period just made better, more efficient Birth of AGRICULTURE leads to ability to settle down in one area --- pumpkin, corn, squash, peas, and bottle gourd Provides constant food supply, takes slightly less effort/time freeing Woodland Indians up to do other things Nuts, berries, fruit still gathered Small game still hunted Burial mounds and ceremonial mounds created for 1 st time! Weapons, jewelry, pottery, and ceremonial objects buried with the dead suggest belief in afterlife Animal effigy –a representation or image of a revered animal. Monument or pottery. Rock Eagle in GA- 200 A.D. MISSISS- IPPIAN Named for a culture that 1.) liked to live near rivers, 2.) had long growing seasons, and 3.) frequently hunted deer and turkey. Life is “specialized.” Tribe members have specific jobs and functions. Dates: 1,000 A.D A.D. 1,000+ families in large villages protected by wooden palisades and moats Wattle and daub houses built of wood and clay Most permanent of all dwellings Guard towers built on mounds and used to defend against enemies ALL from previous periods only made better, more efficient Grew most of their food! Corn – most important crop grown Other crops /wild game/ fruits, nuts, and berries listed above still eaten Harvested crops stored in “storehouses” for more consistent food supply “Slash-and-burn” technique used to make farmland more fertile Priest-chief presides over elaborate, lengthy religious ceremonies Religious life starts to be controlled by tribal leaders (a.k.a. – the government of the village)

Prehistoric Time Period DwellingsWeaponsFoodReligionFINAL PICTURE PALEO Dates: ARCHAIC Dates: Name _____________________________ Date _____________ Per ______ Georgia’s Prehistoric Periods (Indian Traditions): CHANGE OVER TIME

Prehistoric Time Period DwellingsWeaponsFoodReligionFINAL PICTURE WOOD- LAND Dates: MISSISS- IPPIAN Dates: