Plate Tectonics.

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Theory of Plate Tectonics

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Presentation transcript:

Plate Tectonics

The Earth’s Crust is Made of Plates

What Causes the Plates to Move? Convection- hot magma rises, cool magma sinks (like a lava lamp

Two Types of crust Continental Crust- made of granite (light) Oceanic Crust- made of basalt (heavy)

Plate Boundaries Cracks in the plates are called faults

Types of Boundaries (Faults) Convergent Boundary Divergent Boundary Transform Boundary

Divergent Boundary Plates move away from each other Forms volcanoes, new crust and rift valleys Ex) Iceland, mid-Atlantic ridge

Divergent Boundary – Arabian and African Plates Arabian Plate Red Sea African Plate

Divergent Boundary – Iceland http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html

Rift Valleys A deep valley formed as plates move apart at a divergent boundary. Ex) The Great Rift Valley in eastern Africa

Sea Floor Spreading Mid Ocean Ridges – underwater mountain chains that run through the Earth’s Basins Magma rises to the surface and solidifies and new crust forms Older Crust is pushed farther away from the ridge

Transform Boundary Plates slide past each other Creates earthquakes Ex) San Andreas Fault in California

Convergent Boundary Plates move toward each other Earthquakes, forms mountain ranges Ex) Himalayan Mountains

Continental-Continental Boundary Plates fold, creating mountains

Convergent Boundaries - Continental http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html & http://www.geology.com

Oceanic-Oceanic Boundary Creates trenches (deep valleys) Forms volcanoes Forms Island Arcs Ex) Aleutian Islands (Alaska)

Convergent Boundary – Oceanic & Oceanic Note – plates are reversed Subduction occurs when the denser plate sinks below the other http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html & http://www.geology.com

Oceanic-Continental Boundary Oceanic plate pushes down because it is more dense. Creates deep ocean trenches Creates coastal mountain ranges Ex) Andes mountains

Convergent Boundary – Oceanic & Continental http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html & http://www.geology.com

Hot Spots Hot material rises from deep within the mantle. Heats the lithosphere, causing volcanoes at the surface. Ex) Hawaiian Islands, Yellowstone N.P.

Evidence of Pangaea

Vocab to Remember Fault Convection Divergent Boundary Convergent Boundary

Vocab ctd… Transform Boundary Rift Valley Hot Spot