A stable carbon atom has the following parts: – 6 protons – 6 neutrons – 6 electrons Describe the location of each of these parts in a carbon atom. 9 8 10 20 30 7 5 2 3 4 180 6 40 130 140 50 120 70 80 60 160 170 1 150 100 90 110 Seconds Left:

Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of the atom, at the very center. Electrons are found in an electron cloud that surrounds the nucleus.

If there only about 100 types of elements in the world, why are there so many different kinds of matter? 9 8 10 20 30 7 5 2 3 4 180 6 40 130 140 50 120 70 60 1 160 170 110 150 80 100 90 Seconds Left:

Elements can combine in many different ways to form many different types of matter.

Describe the difference between a mixture and a compound. 9 8 10 20 30 7 5 2 3 4 180 6 40 130 140 50 120 70 60 1 160 170 110 150 80 100 90 Seconds Left:

Compounds are chemically combined, mixtures are not.

Propane has three atoms of carbon and eight atoms of hydrogen Propane has three atoms of carbon and eight atoms of hydrogen. What is propane's chemical formula? This screen will disappear in 3 minutes. 8 7 9 20 6 10 4 2 3 180 5 30 130 120 140 70 50 60 40 170 160 150 80 110 90 100 1 Seconds Remaining.

C3H8

Describe the three kinds of particles found in atoms. Where are they located & what are their charges? This screen will disappear in 3 minutes. 9 10 180 8 20 6 3 4 5 40 7 30 50 140 120 130 70 60 90 80 160 2 170 150 100 110 1 Seconds Remaining.

Protons – in the nucleus, positive charge Neutrons – in the nucleus, no charge Electrons – outside the nucleus, negative charge

An electrically neutral atom undergoes a change to become negatively charged. The atom's atomic mass decreases. A student explains that the atom most likely lost a neutron. – Describe one strength and one weakness of the student's explanation. 9 8 10 20 30 7 5 2 3 4 180 6 40 130 140 50 120 70 60 1 160 170 110 150 80 100 90 Seconds left:

One strength of the explanation is that an atom's mass consists mostly of the mass of its protons and neutrons. Electrons have very little mass. So, the atom must have lost either a proton or neutron. One weakness, however, is that neutrons have no charge. So, removing the neutron should not affect the atom's charge. It is more likely that a proton was removed.

Draw the Diagram –Identify the four parts of the atom that are pointed out by arrows in the diagram above. –Describe the electrical charges of the structures that are labeled 1, 2, and 3 in the diagram. 9 8 10 20 180 7 5 2 3 4 40 6 30 130 140 50 120 70 60 1 160 170 110 150 90 80 100 You have Seconds left.

Number 1 is the electron, 2 is the proton, 3 is the neutron, and 4 is the nucleus. The electron is negative. The proton is positive. The neutron is neutral.

Define these terms: Atom Element 9 8 10 20 180 7 5 2 3 4 40 6 30 130 140 50 120 70 60 1 160 170 110 150 90 80 100 Time left: Seconds

ATOM – the smallest part of matter that has the properties of the matter ELEMENT – matter made of only one type of atom; a pure substance

Define the terms: Mixture Compound Molecule 9 8 10 20 30 7 5 2 3 4 180 6 40 130 140 50 120 70 60 1 160 170 110 150 80 100 90 Seconds Remaining:

MIXTURE – a combination of different types of matter in no fixed proportion; can be physically taken apart physical change COMPOUND – a combination of different types of matter in specific proportions; must be chemically taken apart chemical change MOLECULE – the smallest part of a compound that has all the properties of that compound

Many chemical reactions occur around the home Many chemical reactions occur around the home. – Describe one chemical reaction that occurs in a home and the products of the reaction. Seconds Remaining: 8 7 9 20 6 10 4 2 3 30 5 40 130 120 140 70 50 60 180 170 160 150 80 110 90 100 1

The cooking of food is another example. A chemical reaction that occurs around the home is the burning of charcoal for barbecues. When charcoal burns, it reacts with oxygen to form ash, carbon dioxide, and heat. The cooking of food is another example.

List the four signs of a chemical reaction 9 8 10 20 30 7 5 2 3 4 180 6 40 130 140 50 120 70 60 1 160 170 110 150 80 Seconds left: 100 90

Formation of a gas Formation of a precipitate (solid in a liquid) Color change Energy change

Copper sulfate, when dissolved in water, has a blue color Copper sulfate, when dissolved in water, has a blue color. When steel wool is mixed with a copper sulfate solution, the steel wool disappears, a brownish solid forms, and the color of the solution changes from blue to green. – Explain how three changes that occur in this experiment suggest a new substance may have been formed. Seconds Remaining: 8 7 9 20 6 10 4 2 3 30 5 40 130 120 140 70 50 60 180 170 160 150 80 110 90 100 1

The disappearance of the steel wool suggests that a new substance is forming. As steel does not dissolve in water, it is likely that it was part of the reaction that formed a new substance. Another new substance, the brown solid(precipitate), was observed forming. It is a different color from the other substances, it is also probably a new substance. The color change of the solution from blue to green implies that a chemical change has taken place.

Where are the metals, nonmetals, and metalloids located in the periodic table? 9 8 10 20 30 7 5 2 3 4 180 6 40 130 140 50 120 70 60 1 160 170 110 150 80 100 90 Seconds Remaining:

Metals - are on the left side Nonmetals – are on the right side Metalloids – are on a slanting line between the metals and nonmetals (zigzag) (stairstep)

Which group of elements on the periodic table does not readily combine with other elements? 9 8 10 20 30 7 5 2 3 4 180 6 40 130 140 50 120 70 60 1 160 170 110 150 80 100 90 Seconds Remaining:

Group 18 - the Noble Gasses

List the elements in this compound: H2SO4 How many atoms of each element are in the compound? 9 8 10 20 30 7 5 2 3 4 180 6 40 130 140 50 120 70 60 1 160 170 110 150 80 100 90 Seconds Remaining:

H2SO4 Hydrogen – 2 atoms Sulfur – 1 atom Oxygen – 4 atoms

What are the biggest parts of an atom? Seconds Remaining: 8 7 9 20 6 10 4 2 3 30 5 40 130 120 140 70 50 60 180 170 160 150 80 110 90 100 1

Protons & Neutrons

What happens to atoms during a chemical reaction? 9 8 10 20 30 7 5 2 3 4 180 6 40 130 140 50 120 70 60 1 160 170 110 150 SECONDS REMAINING: 100 90 80

Law of Conservation of Mass Chemical reactions occur when different atoms and molecules combine together and spit apart. Atoms are re-arranged in the way they are connected (or bonded); they are not created or destroyed. Law of Conservation of Mass

Explain the difference between chemical and physical changes. SECONDS REMAINING: 8 7 9 20 6 10 4 2 3 30 5 40 130 120 140 70 50 60 180 170 160 150 80 110 90 100 1

PHYSICAL REACTION – is a change that affects the size, shape or color of a substance but does not affect its composition – no new substance is formed Examples might by melting, boiling, cutting, etc. CHEMICAL REACTION – is a change caused by the rearrangement of the atoms of one or more substances, resulting in the formation of new substances, having entirely different properties.

State the Law of Conservation of Mass 9 8 10 20 30 7 5 2 3 4 180 6 40 130 140 50 120 70 60 1 160 170 110 150 80 100 90 Seconds Remaining:

Matter cannot be created or destroyed in an ordinary chemical reaction.

What does a chemical equation tell us? 9 8 10 20 30 7 5 2 3 4 180 6 40 130 140 50 120 70 60 1 160 170 110 150 80 100 90 Seconds Remaining:

Chemical equations tell us how many atoms or molecules react with each other and how much of a substance is needed to react properly with another.

Describe endothermic and exothermic 9 8 10 20 30 7 5 2 3 4 180 6 40 130 140 50 120 70 60 1 160 170 110 150 80 100 90 Seconds Remaining:

Endothermic – absorbing energy(cold) Exothermic – releasing energy(hot)

A student wrote the following equation: 4Al + 3O2 2Al2O3 – Write a sentence to describe what occurs in this reaction. 9 8 10 20 30 7 5 2 3 4 180 6 40 130 140 50 120 70 60 1 160 170 110 150 80 100 90 Seconds Remaining:

In this reaction, 4 aluminum reacts with 6 oxygen to form 2Al2O3.

What do coefficients & subscripts show us in chemical formulas? 9 8 10 20 30 7 5 2 3 4 180 6 40 130 140 50 120 70 60 1 160 170 110 150 80 100 90 Seconds Left:

6 – H, 3 – S, 12 - O Coefficients – the number of molecules Subscripts – the number of atoms No number is understood to be “1” 3H2SO4 = H2SO4 6 – H, 3 – S, 12 - O H2SO4 = 2 – hydrogen 1 – Sulfur 4 – Oxygen subscript coefficient

Describe metalloids. 9 8 10 20 30 7 5 2 3 4 180 6 40 130 140 50 120 70 60 1 160 170 110 150 80 100 90 Seconds Left:

Elements having properties of both metals and nonmetals.

Students carry out a chemical reaction by mixing two solutions in a glass beaker. A temperature probe in the beaker records changes in temperature that occur after mixing. Within seconds after mixing, the temperature rises from 25 °C to 40 °C. Then the temperature returns to 25 °C over a period of several minutes. –Based on this data, what should be concluded about the type of chemical reaction that has occurred? 9 8 10 20 30 7 5 2 3 4 180 6 40 130 140 50 120 70 60 1 160 170 110 150 80 Seconds Left: 100 90

The best conclusion is that an exothermic reaction has occurred The best conclusion is that an exothermic reaction has occurred. The students observe the temperature rising by 15 °C soon after they mix the chemicals. This shows that the reaction has given off energy as heat. Although there is cooling afterward, that is normal. Any hot object cools as it gives off heat.

Mineral Melting Points Mineral Melting Points The table to the left shows the melting points for some minerals. A student considers making either a line graph or a circle graph to show this data. – Evaluate how well each type of graph would communicate the data in the table. Mineral Melting Points Mineral Melting Points SECONDS LEFT: 7 8 9 10 6 3 2 20 4 5 30 130 180 120 70 140 40 60 50 150 170 160 80 100 90 110 1

What graph would work the best? A line graph would be a bad choice for showing this data. The data does not have pairs of numbers that could be plotted on a grid. Also, there is no trend that could be shown by a line. A circle graph is also a bad choice. The data are melting points for different minerals. They are not parts of one thing. So, a circle graph would not make sense. What graph would work the best?

BAR GRAPH

Identify the reactants, products, subscripts, and coefficients in this chemical equation: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light → C6H12O6 + 6 O2 9 8 10 20 30 7 5 2 3 4 180 6 40 130 140 50 120 70 60 1 160 170 110 150 80 Seconds Remaining: 100 90

Carbon Dioxide + Water + Light energy → Glucose + Oxygen 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light → C6H12O6 + 6 O2 Coefficients Subscripts Carbon Dioxide + Water + Light energy → Glucose + Oxygen Reactants: 6CO2 6H2O light Products: C6H12O6 6O2

Betsy mixes and stirs two chemical solids together Betsy mixes and stirs two chemical solids together. While stirring she notices that the beaker is getting hot. What is happening to the beaker? 9 8 10 20 30 7 5 2 3 4 180 6 40 130 140 50 120 70 60 1 160 170 110 150 80 Time Remaining: 100 90

The reaction of the two chemicals is releasing heat – an EXOTHERMIC reaction

A stable helium atom contains 2 protons, 2 neutrons, and 2 electrons A stable helium atom contains 2 protons, 2 neutrons, and 2 electrons. – Draw and label a diagram of a stable    helium atom. Be sure to include the    protons, neutrons, electrons, and nucleus of the atom in your diagram. 9 8 10 20 30 7 5 2 3 4 180 6 40 130 140 50 120 70 80 60 160 170 1 150 100 90 110 Seconds Left:

Helium Atom

Germanium, with an atomic number of 32, is not a metal or a non-metal, but a metalloid. – Describe where metalloids are found on the periodic table, with respect to the metals and non-metals. 80 9 10 20 30 8 6 3 2 4 5 180 7 40 50 140 120 130 60 70 1 170 160 150 110 90 Seconds Left: 100

Metalloids are found in between metals and non-metals on the periodic table. Their position tells us that they have some of the characteristics of metals and some characteristics of non-metals. For example, germanium conducts electricity, but not as well as true metals.

Elements are organized in the periodic table in such a way that there are patterns of elements placed close together that have similar properties. For example, knowing the properties of one element in a column of the periodic table will help a person predict the properties of other elements in that same column. –Describe two properties common to elements found at the far left of the periodic table. –Describe two properties common to elements found at the far right of the periodic table. 9 8 10 20 30 7 5 2 3 4 180 6 40 130 140 50 120 70 60 1 160 170 110 150 90 100 80 Seconds Left:

On the far left side of the periodic table the elements are all metals On the far left side of the periodic table the elements are all metals. So, they are solids at room temperature and are good conductors of heat and electricity. One the far right side of the periodic table, the elements are gases at room temperature. They are colorless and non-reactive.

An atom consists of 7 neutrons, 7 electrons, and a number of protons An atom consists of 7 neutrons, 7 electrons, and a number of protons. The atom has a charge of -1. What is its mass number? 9 8 10 20 30 7 5 2 3 4 180 6 40 130 140 50 120 70 60 1 160 170 110 150 80 Seconds Left: 100 90

The atom has a mass number of 13 To find the mass number we have to know the # of protons & the # of neutrons. We know there are 7 neutrons; ??? protons An atom with a charge of -1 has gained an electron (added a – charge) Atoms begin w/ = numbers of protons & electrons, so the atom began with 6 electrons & 6 protons. 6 protons + 7 neutrons = a mass # of 13