Explosive welding of tin EPNM 2012 Strasbourg Explosive welding of tin Petr Nesvadba, Katerina Busova, Petr Havlicek, Josef Ondruska OZM Research Instruments & Technologies for Energetic Materials Czech Republic 1/21

Experimental Procedure and Materials Test Results Conclusion OUTLINE Introduction Experimental Procedure and Materials Test Results Conclusion 2/21

Motivation Semi-products for manufacturing the Cu–Sn targets INTRODUCTION Motivation Semi-products for manufacturing the Cu–Sn targets Weld ability of Sn and selected metals Test of new explosives mixture 3/21

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND MATERIALS Problems Melting point Sn = 232°C (449°F) Manipulation with low-strength metal Simultaneous method of cladding Achieving more than 10 mm Sn layer Explosive composition with low detonation velocity 4/21

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND MATERIALS Samples of explosives Sample Compound [%] Density [g.cm-3] Thickness of explosive layer [mm] Detonation velocity [m.s-1] Sensitivity to detonator No. 8 PETN NaHCO3 NaNO3 Al Paraffin 1 12 77,5 - 10 0,5 1,05 20 1600 yes 2 81 8 1,0 1350 3 83 1200 4 6 85 950 no 5 0,91 1220 0,95 1100 7 89 0,97 1270 87 0,90 – 0,95 870 - 1010 9 60 29 0,92 – 0,95 790 5/21

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND MATERIALS Samples of explosives Sample Compound [%] Density [g.cm-3] Thickness of explosive layer [mm] Detonation velocity [m.s-1] Sensitivity to detonater No. 8 PETN NaHCO3 NaNO3 Micro bubbles K15 10 6 - 94 1,18 20 1075 yes 11 8 92 1,0 – 1,2 1090 - 1300 12 90 1460 unreliably S012 88 0,97 – 1,17 1260 - 1500 S012K 87 1 0,90 – 1,02 1000 - 1250 S010 1,00 – 1,04 1070 - 1250 6/21

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND MATERIALS Sample of explosives no. 6 (S08A6) 7/21

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND MATERIALS Sample of explosives S012K 8/21

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND MATERIALS Accelerating of plate 2 3 1 Trajectory [mm] Speed of plate [m.s-1] 1 Theoretical course Semtex S30 2 Area of measured data Semtex S30 3 Area of measured data S012K weight of explosives / weight of plate = 2.0 9/21

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND MATERIALS Sn Mosadz Steel Brass Al Cu D = 1400 m.s-1 10/21

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Microstructure of bimetal steel – Sn AND MATERIALS Sn Steel Microstructure of bimetal steel – Sn D = 1181 m.s-1 11/21

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Microstructure of bimetal Al – Sn AND MATERIALS Sn Al Microstructure of bimetal Al – Sn D = 1181 m.s-1 12/21

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Microstructure of bimetal Brass – Sn AND MATERIALS Sn Brass Microstructure of bimetal Brass – Sn D = 1413 m.s-1 13/21

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Microstructure of bimetal Cu – Sn AND MATERIALS Sn Sn Cu Cu Microstructure of bimetal Cu – Sn D = 1181 m.s-1 14/21

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND MATERIALS 4 mm Sn D = 1418 m.s-1 1 mm Sn D = 1238 m.s-1 Explosive welding of Cu – Sn samples Thickness Sn from 1 to 12 mm 15/21

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND MATERIALS Melting of Sn – Sn interface 16/21

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND MATERIALS Melting of Sn – Sn interface 17/21

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND MATERIALS Cu – Sn bimetal Crack on the interface Cu – Sn by simultaneous cladding of two Sn layer 18/21

Selected metal materials are possible cladding by tin TEST RESULTS Cladding of tin with others metal materials by using explosives with detonation velocity not exceeding 1500 m.s-1, optimum max. 1200 m.s-1 Selected metal materials are possible cladding by tin It is possible to clad tin in various thickness 19/21

It managed to clad tin on steel, aluminum, brass and copper CONCLUSION It managed to clad tin on steel, aluminum, brass and copper Local melting zone of tin is not possible to eliminate probably Melting of tin during cladding of tin thickness 6 mm and more Failed to clad Sn + Sn, in all cases was observed melting interface Simultaneously cladding of tin was not successful 20/21

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