Michaela Carbaat & Tessa Cortez

Referred to disagreements, struggles, or fights. Conflicts between people/groups are interpersonal conflicts Escalate: become more serious Emotions can get out of control Revenge and make the situation unsafe Misunderstandings Power struggles Personal loyalties Jealousy and envy Property disputes Conflicting attitudes and values Lack of respect UnderstandingCommon Causes CAUSES OF CONFLICT LESSON 1 UNDERSTANDING CONFLICTS

C an bring out positive results Help improve communication & problem solving skills Improve social health Strengthens relationships Stress, headaches and lost sleep Harm emotional & social health Can cause loss of jobs Can lead to serious injury and/or death Easier to prevent than to resolve Adjusting your own behavior Try to relax Don’t be bothered as much by others Don’t be bothered by words as much Avoid people that bother you in general Results of ConflictsPreventing Conflicts UNDERSTANDING CONFLICTS

Two choices: walk away or respond Think before you act Manage anger Practice conflict resolution Conflict resolution: cooperation and problem solving Can often resolve minor conflicts Unwise to compromise  when it can have harmful consequences  Or can go against you & your values RespondingCompromise RESOLVING CONFLICTS LESSON 2 RESPONDING TO CONFLICT

If not resolved it can get much worse Can result in violence Violence doesn’t solve conflicts A good strategy is negotiation  Use of communication & compromise to settle disagreements Involves talking, listening, and conmsideration Mutual respect is key EffectiveThe Negotiation Process EFFECTIVE NEGOTIATION

1.Take time to calm down & think the situation over 2.Let each party explain where they’re coming from (use good communication skills) 3.Clarification if necessary 4.Brainstorm solutions 5.Discuss advantages & disadvantages of the solution 6.Agree on a solution 7.Follow up and see if the solution works for each party THE NEGOTIATION PROCESS CONTINUED

Careful planning Choose the time and place carefully Check your facts Plan what you will say Staying calm is highly important Attack the problem not each other Avoid blaming and name-calling Keep an open mind Listen attentively Be willing to take responsibility and apologize Preparing for Negotiation Tips for Successful Negotiation THE NEGOTIATION PROCESS

Consider mediation if a resolution cannot be reached Mediation: bringing in a neutral 3 rd party to help resolve the situation Mediation is “being in the middle” Can help reduce the level of confrontation Help w/ long debating conflicts & threats to everyday life Can be formal or informal THE MEDIATION PROCESS

Formal mediation involves help of a mediator Informal is as simple as asking a teacher Effective mediation depends on:  Neutrality  Confidentiality  Well-defined ground rules Each party can present their side of the situation/argument Mediator summarizes points made & leads discussion Mediator doesn’t make judgements or give solutions Mediator can help the parties see the good and bad points of the ideas THE MEDIATION PROCESS

A process where trained students help others peacefully resolve problems Typically involves:  Making introductions  Establishing ground rules  Hearing each side  Exploring solutions  Wrapping it up PEER MEDIATION

Result from interpersonal conflicts that get escalated out of control Can also be random Uncontrolled anger/frustration A need to control others Hatred/prejudice against a certain group Revenge Children & teens more likely to be involved in violence Teens more committed to school & have negative attitudes toward crime are less likely Causes UNDERSTANDING VIOLENCE LESSON 3 CAUSES OF VIOLENCE

Alcohol plays a role in many violent crimes Lowers self control = less likely to restrain violent impulses Damage peoples judgement Teens can engage in violent crimes to get money for drugs People who use them are more likely to fight, carry weapons and unsafe sexual activity Some violent lifestyles put them at risk for problems like substance abuse Low self-esteem Insecure teens may use violence to prove themselves Use violence as revenge Teens w/ low self-esteem may join gangs Stress depression and strong emotions can cause teens to become violent Alcohol and Drug Use Mental and Emotional Problems CAUSES OF VIOLENCE

1 in 5 high school students reported having carried a weapon within the past 30 days 5% claim they have carried a gun Weapon access increases violence Strategies for weapon protection:  Don’t carry a weapon  If someone you know is carrying a weapon tell a trusted adult  If parents own a gun at home encourage them to equip it with a trigger lock, store it unloaded, and put it locked away More than 60% of all tv shows and almost 90% of top-rated video games contain violence Scenes containing violence fail to show the consequences Young people who view violent scenes may interpret it to be normal/positive Teens act more aggressive after watching violent television Availability of WeaponsViolence in the Media CAUSES OF VIOLENCE

Involved in:  Drug dealing  Robbery  Violent attacks on rival gangs Teens who join either want protection from violence or want to fit in Teens in gangs are more likely to commit serious/violent crimes More likely to become victims Being in a gang reduces chances of graduating & getting a steady job Teen gang members can end up as career criminals To avoid gang influence:  Be aware of gang activity It will able you to not dress a certain way and get suspected as a member  Seek out positive alternatives to gang membership  Be prepared to use refusal skills Gang Violence CAUSES OF VIOLENCE

In almost half of all violent crimes the victims know their attackers Assault: an unlawful physical attack or threat of attack Range from minor threats to attacks resulting life-threatening injuries Each year > 4 million assaults occur in the U.S More than 1 million result in injuries TypesAssaults and Homicides TYPES OF VIOLENCE

May take form of random violence: violence committed for no specific reason Homicide: the willful killing of one human being by another Avoid risk factors by avoiding: drugs, alcohol, weapons and gangs ASSAULTS & HOMICIDES CONTINUED

Sexual harassment may lead to sexual violence Sexual violence: any form of unwelcomed sexual contact directed at an individual Sexual assault: any intentional sexual attack against another person Rape: any form of sexual intercourse that takes place against a person’s will Rape is a crime least likely to be reported Most victims are female & most rapists are male More than half rape victims are under 18 Rape & sexual assault are crimes as to where victims most likely know their attackers SEXUAL VIOLENCE

Be aware of surroundings Don’t go places w/ someone you don’t know/trust Attend parties w/ friends Avoid alcohol & drugs Trust your instincts In some cases surviving means resisting the attacker or to submit Try to stall Distract the attacker or scream to attract attention Report crime right away Don’t bathe or brush teeth until examined Avoiding Sexual ViolenceResponding to Sexual Attacks SEXUAL VIOLENCE

Seek medical help for injuries If appropriate, get tested for pregnancies or STD’s Survivors need time to heal both physically and emotionally Counseling can help survivors recover from their experience RESPONDING TO SEXUAL ATTACKS CONTINUED

Any crime motivated by hatred of or prejudice against a specific group. People are targeted due to: race, religion, culture, sexual orientation etc. Hate crime forms: harassment, vandalism, arson and assault & homicide Best way to stop them is to change the attitudes behind them HATE CRIMES

Abuse is the physical, mental, emotional, or sexual mistreatment of 1 person by another Abusive relationship if::acts jealous or possessive, threatens other, controls others behavior etc Physical: pattern of intentionally causing bodily harm or injury to another Emotional: attacking another person’s emotional development & sense of worth Verbal: use of words to mistreat or injure another person Sexual: sexual contact that is forced upon a person against their will Stalking: repeatedly harassing, following,& threatening an individual Abuse in relationshipsForma of abuse PREVENTING AND OVERCOMING ABUSE LESSON 4

Know your limits with regard to sexual activity Know warning signs in an abusive relationship Date rape:1 person in a relationship forces the other person to take part in sexual intercourse Acquaintance rape: the attacker is someone the victim knows casually or is a friend Protecting Yourself from Abuse Date Rape & Acquaintance Rape PREVENTING AND OVERCOMING ABUSE

Drinking lowers inhibitions & impairs judgement Females & males are more likely to be sexually attacked when drinking Rapists tend to use drugs to subdue their victims Stay sober & aware of what’s going on around you Be clear of sexual limits w/ partners ALWAYS get own beverages at parties & NEVER leave it uncovered/unattended Have a way to get home Alcohol, Date, and Date RapeAvoiding Date Rape PREVENTING & OVERCOMING ABUSE

Seek professional help Talk about experience in a safe supportive environment Seek support from parents, guardians, trusted adults, teachers coaches, etc Counseling Trained therapist Counseling Abuse is a learned behavior Many abusers were once victims Help for SurvivorsHelp for Abusers PREVENTING AND OVERCOMING ABUSE