Session 2 LAND SURVEYING EQUIPMENTS Course: S0663 – Land Surveying Year: 2007

Bina Nusantara Land Surveying Equipments Simple Measurement Equipments Levelling Equipments Angle Measurement Equipments Supporting Equipments Modern Surveying Equipments

Bina Nusantara Simple Measurement Equipments Measuring Tape Compass Alidade Hand Level

Bina Nusantara Measuring Tape

Bina Nusantara Measuring Wheel

Bina Nusantara Surveyor’s Compass

Bina Nusantara Alidade

Bina Nusantara Hand Level

Bina Nusantara Levelling Equipments Waterpass or Level

Bina Nusantara Levelling Equipments Waterpass or Level

Bina Nusantara Waterpass (Level)

Bina Nusantara Dumpy Level

Bina Nusantara Waterpass (Level)

Bina Nusantara Automatic Level

Bina Nusantara Angle Measurement BM Sta A Horizontal Angle Vertical Angle

Bina Nusantara Angle Measurement Equipments Theodolite

Bina Nusantara Theodolite

Bina Nusantara Theodolite or Transite

Bina Nusantara Theodolite

Bina Nusantara Theodolite

Bina Nusantara Supporting Equipments Tripod Leveling Rod

Bina Nusantara Tripod

Bina Nusantara Leveling Rod

Bina Nusantara Modern Surveying Equipments EDM: Electronic Distance Measuring device Compass-Altimeter Laser Rotary Level Tacheometer Global Positioning System (GPS)

Bina Nusantara EDM EDMs are very useful in measuring distances that are difficult to access or long distances

Bina Nusantara EDM

Bina Nusantara Compass-Altimeter

Bina Nusantara Laser Rotary Level

Bina Nusantara Tacheometer

Bina Nusantara Global Positioning System (GPS) GPS stands for Global Positioning System. Users of a global positioning system can calculate their location anywhere on the earth. There are currently two "public" GPS systems. The NAVSTAR system is owned by the United States and is managed by the Department of Defense. The GLONASS system is owned by the Russian Federation. While both NAVSTAR and GLONASS systems are global positioning systems, the NAVSTAR system is often referred to (in the U.S., anyway) as the GPS because it was generally available first. Nevertheless, both systems are GPS systems and the reader should keep this in mind.

Bina Nusantara Global Positioning System (GPS) A global positioning system uses the characteristics of radio transmissions for location determination. Unlike previous navigation systems using ground based transmitters, satellite based transmitters are used to cover earth with higher accuracy that that available from the land based systems. The satellites transmit timing information, satellite location information and satellite health information. The Space Segment is technical term for the satellites that belong to the system. The user requires a special radio receiver - a GPS receiver - to receive the transmissions from the satellite. The GPS receiver contains a specialized computer that calculates the location based on the satellite signals. The user does not have to transmit anything to the satellite and the satellite does not know the user is there. There is no limit to the number of users that can be using the system at any one time. The users with their receivers are known as the User Segment. The satellites are controlled and monitored from ground stations (the Control Segment). The control stations monitor the satellites for health and accuracy. Maintenance commands, orbital parameters and timing corrections are uploaded from the ground on a periodic basis.

Bina Nusantara

Global Positioning Systems (GPS), technology in static mode was used to calculate new coordinates using a set of MDOT known points Establishing a geodetic network using GPS techniques