Do Now – November 16, 2011 When is it appropriate to use the coarse adjustment knob? What is the smallest unit of life? What is an organelle?

Today’s Objective SWBAT Fill out your self-reflection Draw and label cells and cell parts Distinguish between plant and animal cells Fill out your self-reflection Turn in Do Now, Microscope Labs 1 and 2 Get out a clean sheet of paper

Organelles “elle” in organelle means “little” Little organ Specialized unit inside the cell that has its own function Necessary in order to survive, grow, reproduce Examples: produce energy, provide storage, package proteins Typically membrane-bound Allows for different chemical environments

Draw a cell and its parts Nucleus DNA Mitochondria Lysosomes Cytoskeleton Ribosome Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth ER Vacuoles Cytoplasm Golgi Apparatus Cell membrane

Identify the Parts

Nucleus Large organelle near the center of the cell Houses genetic information (DNA) DNA contains the information needed to direct the activities of the cell Control Center / the “brain” of the cell

Cell Membrane Barrier between the outside environment and the inside of the cell Helps maintain homeostasis Permeable = allows liquids/gases to move through Certain materials move in and out of the cell

Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell Energy (ATP) made here Mighty mitochondria! Number of mitochondria depends on the cell function

Ribosomes Attached to walls of the ER and are suspended in the cytoplasm Protein factories Make proteins for the rest of the body inside the cell Information about making proteins comes from DNA

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Network of membranes that are arranged in tubes and sacs Two types: Rough Ribosomes cover the outside of it Collects proteins from ribosomes for transport through the cell Continuous with nuclear envelope Smooth Does not contain ribosomes Build lipid molecules such as fat Hormone synthesis

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Golgi Apparatus Modifies, stores, prepares, and packages proteins for specific destinations Structure: flattened sacs in the form of stacks, like pancakes

Lysosomes Bags of digestive enzymes Help break down macromolecules Eats up certain materials inside the cell such as: Bacteria Other organelles Cell Death

Cytoplasm Jelly-like liquid that fills the cells Organelles are suspended inside of it Like fruit in jello

Cytoskeleton Gives the cell structure and organization A framework Provides “roads” for the organelles to move along

Vacuoles Storage bins Contain nutrients/food or even wastes

Eukaryotic Cells: Animal and Plant Cells Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Plant Cells Animal Cells

Make This On Your Paper Cell Structure What’s It Look Like? Where’s It Located? What’s Its Function? Vacuole Cell Wall Chloroplast

Vacuoles Vacuoles can be found in both plant and animal cells, but plant cells have a LARGE, CENTRAL vacuole while animal cells have very small vacuoles if they even have them. This means that in a plant, the vacuole can be seen in the middle of the cell, and it looks a lot like a lake. The vacuole moves the nucleus in a plant cell over because it is so big. Thus, when you look at a plant cell you can see the nucleus on the side. The vacuole acts as a storage compartment for the cell. Examples of materials that can be stored in the vacuole are water, pigments, and poisons.

Cell Wall The cell membrane is the outer barrier of any cell. Plant cells have an additional barrier called the cell wall. It is found outside of the cell membrane, and it is really rigid. Having a stiff outer wall gives the cells more support and protection. The cell wall gives the cell a regular shape (such as a rectangle) unlike the cell membrane which doesn’t have a set shape. Like the cell membrane, the cell wall is permeable and can let certain materials pass in and out of the cell.

Chloroplasts Chloroplasts are found only in plant cells. They have a double membrane and stacks inside of them. They contain a green pigment called chlorophyll, which makes them (and the plant itself) appear green. Chloroplasts are the photosynthetic organelles of the plant. They take energy from the sun and convert it into food for the plant to use.

Do Now – November 21 Name one major difference between a plant and an animal cell. Describe it. What type of cells are animal and plant cells? Explain how to make a wet mount.

Today’s Objective SWBAT… Distinguish between plant and animal cells Identify animal cells under a microscope

Draw a PLANT cell and its parts Nucleus DNA Mitochondria Lysosomes Cytoskeleton Ribosome Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth ER Vacuoles (CENTRAL) Cytoplasm Golgi Apparatus Cell membrane CHLOROPLAST CELL WALL

Identify the Parts Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Lysosome Nucleolus Nucleus Mitochondria Ribosomes Rough ER Smooth ER Chloroplast Vacuole Cell Wall