Limiting Reagent Chemistry Mrs. Coyle

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Presentation transcript:

Limiting Reagent Chemistry Mrs. Coyle

 What happens in a chemical reaction, if there is an insufficient amount of one reactant?

 Limiting Reagent: the reagent that is completely used up in a chemical reaction.  Excess Reagent: reagent not completely used up in a chemical reaction.

Example: Find the limiting reagent when 1.22g O 2 reacts with 1.05g H 2 to produce H 2 O.  There are two solution methods you could use.  In both methods, the first step is to convert the mass to moles.

Method 1  Use the moles of one reactant to calculate the necessary moles of the other reactant to fully react.  Compare the calculated value with the actual value to see if this reagent is excess or limiting.

Example: Find the limiting reagent when 1.22g O 2 reacts with 1.05g H 2 to produce H 2 O. Answers using method 1: Convert mass to moles: mol O 2, 0.5 mol H 2 Calculate H 2 moles necessary to react with O 2 : mol H 2. Compare mol H 2 to actual mol of H 2 (0.5mol H 2 ), Since 0.5 mol H 2 is more than mol H 2, H 2 is the excess reagent and O 2 is the limiting reagent.

Method 2  Use the moles of each of the reactant to calculate one of the products.  The reagent that gave the smaller calculated value of product is the limiting reagent.  The actual value of the amount of product is the smaller of the calculated values.

Example: Find the limiting reagent when 1.22g O 2 reacts with 1.05g H 2 to produce H 2 O. Answers using Method 2: Convert mass to moles: mol O 2, 0.5 mol H 2 Calculate H 2 O moles produced by using each of the reactants:  Using O 2 : mol H 2 O.  Using H 2 : 0.5 mol H 2 O. The actual amount H 2 O produced is the smaller one of the two values(0.076mol H 2 O). O 2 is the limiting reagent, since O 2 was used in the calculation of the 0.076mol H 2 O.