Jump Start List three differences between the North and the South. Think of Social, Political & Economical differences. What was the biggest ideological difference between the two regions of the US? Name two specifics they disagreed about, politically and why that disagreement existed. How did immigration further separate the two regions?

The Slavery Debate Divides the Nation Sectionalism vs. Nationalism…Again

Slavery – Should It Spread? Wilmot Proviso sets the stage: Slavery forbidden in territories won in Mexican War. North Position - Against South Position - For Support building Canals/Roads Slaves property – Could travel vs. farms Slaves - Competition for jobs Potential loss of other liberty Both Feared - Upset the balance of votes in Senate –

California Statehood Debate Launches the nation into another round of mistrust Wilmot Provision still not passed – so no slavery yet in new territories of New Mexico & California. California’s Constitution prohibits slavery – Requests admission as a Free State. South feels betrayed – Missouri Compromise should have covered this – slavery below 36°30’

Secession Becomes a Reality 31st Congress, December 1849 Several issues divide the members - California’s statehood - Texas claims eastern New Mexico - North Demands abolition in Washington DC - South threatens secession more often - No enforcement of Fugitive Slave Act

Fugitive Slave Act Any federal marshal who did not arrest an alleged runaway slave could be fined $1,000. Runaway slave suspects could be arrested without warrant and turned over to a ‘claimant’ on nothing more than his sworn testimony of ownership. No right to trial. Persons aiding a runaway slave was liable to six months' imprisonment and a $1,000 fine. Finders Fees to officers who ‘found’ escaped slaves

Clay’s Compromise of 1850 California is admitted as a free state Utah & New Mexico decide slavery for themselves Concept of Popular Sovereignty emerges Texas border with Mexico settled – slavery limited to current borders of Texas. Fugitive Slave Law strengthened NOT PASSED IN CONGRESS

‘Compromise’ Torch is Passed Clay dies, frustrated ; Calhoun dies and South’s biggest opponent of compromise is gone. Pres. Zachary Taylor Dies and Millard Fillmore becomes President – supports compromise. Senator Stephen ‘Little Giant’ Douglas – Illinois 5’ 4”tall takes up the Compromise battle in Congress.

Compromise is Short Lived… Everyone thinks compromise ends the crisis Now the battle is over enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law. Underground Railroad is born & North resists returning the slaves.

Homework Write a four paragraph (1 page – 12 Pt. Times New Roman type) essay on why relations between the north and south were deteriorating from 1845-1850. Focus on the following topics and use class notes and textbook to find information. Expanding the nation’s borders and admitting states to the union. Northern vs. Southern views of slavery Due Friday 1/6/11.