St. Paul’s Cathedral London, England Architecture 071 Architecture History II Spring 2005 Instructor: Rolando L. Gonzalez, M.Arch., Architect, A.I.A. Student: Kevin Bohnstedt

History Short Timeline 314 – Seat (Cathedra) of Bishop of London Established 604 – First Cathedral Built 675 – First Cathedral Burned 972 – Second Cathedral Rebuilt after Viking Ransacking 1087 – Old St Paul’s Built in Norman Style 1310 – Old St Paul’s Finished 1666 – Old St Paul’s Destroyed in Great Fire 1675 – Third Plan for St Paul’s Accepted 1710 – St Paul’s Completed 1901 – Queen Victoria’s Funeral Here 1940 – Targeted in WWII 1944 – Bells Announce end of WWII 1945 – Services with attending mark end of war

Design: The Plan The Fire – After the Great Fire of 1666, the Cathedral needed to be rebuilt – Sir Christopher Wren included it in his plan for London Sir Christopher Wren (1632 – 1723) – Trained in Science and Medicine – Took up Architecture at 30 – 3 rd Plan for St Paul’s was approved (Warrant Design) Fortunate Coda – Only Architect to design a Cathedral and see it through to completion in his lifetime – Knighted by Charles II in 1673

Design: The Plan A Baroque Masterpiece – Wren derived his inspiration from Renaissance greats › Two Tier design all around › Paired Corinthian Columns on façade like Louvre › Twin towers frame entrance reflect Borromini › The Dome reinterprets Bramante’s Tempietto › Curved Transept Porches mirror the Pietro da Cortona’s

Design: The Dome First Dome in England World’s 3 rd largest Triple layer design Inside design – Whispering Gallery – Stone Gallery – Golden Gallery Whispering Gallery Stone Gallery Golden Gallery

Recent History 1964 – Martin Luther King Preached here enroute to Oslo for his Nobel Peace Prize 1965 – Sir Winston Churchill Funeral 1977 – Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee 1981 – The wedding of the century 1996 – Fragments of Inigo Jones Portico found by archaeologists 1997 – 300 th Anniversary 2000 – HM Queen Mother 100 th Birthday 2001 – Service of Remembrance for the victims of 9/11

Renovations A major renovation began in 1997 – Marks the 300 th anniversary of the cathedral – Prepares for the next 300 years – Will cost 40 million pounds – Repairs, cleans, and improves accessibility – Also provides additional educational facilities Scheduled for completion in 2008 – Celebrates 300 th anniversary of opening

The Crypt A favorite burial place for English heroes The people interred here are a pantheon of English history Sir Christopher Wren Lord Admiral Nelson The Duke of Wellington John Donne

Visit St. Paul’s Centrally located in London Open for visitation daily – Chapels, Galleries open with tours Visit their website for more information –

Questions?