Chapter 11 Infection control.

Precautions Universal precautions  Treat everyone like they have…  Every disease! Patients Kids Friends Family Standard precautions  Steps to protect yourself from a disease. PPE Handwashing

What do you do..? Regulations  Made by agencies FDA, EPA, OSHA  Enforce compliance If not…..  Fines  Lose license  Jail  “Must do’s” Recommendations  Anyone can suggest  Non-enforceable Encourage you to…  Have pt’s wear safety goggles / glasses  “Don’t have to do’s” But should

Agencies OSHA OOccupational Safety and Health Administration PProtect employees on the job. RRequire employers to provide PPE. You are responsible to use it! EPA EEnvironmental Protection Agency RRegulate waste CChemical disposal

CDC CCenters for Disease Control Protect public health Responsible for PPE regulations. WWhen WWhy PPPE must be worn. FDA FFood and Drug Administration Approves foods and drugs for consumer use. Regulate: sterilizers, cleaning solutions and PPE. MMake sure it works.

Personal Protective Equipment(PPE) Gloves  Latex  Vinyl  Nitrile Mask  Earloop  Tie Should protect mucous membranes. Gown  Fluid resistant Disposable Laundered Safety glasses  Always wear! Side shields OK Shatter resistant Face shield can be used

Handwashing #1 way to reduce / prevent spreading of micro-organisms  Cool – cold H 2 O  Antimicrobial soap  Scrub min. 15 sec.  Rinse  Dry w/ paper towels When…?  Arrival at work  Donning / doffing gloves  After restroom  Before eating  ‘not sure of cleanliness’..?  Before going home

Prevention You….?  Good health / immune system Proper diet Exercise Sleep  Immunizations Hep B NONE for Hep C  Now biggest concern (Not B)  PPE usage? Patient…?  Thorough medical history. Updated at every visit / appointment ‘universal precautions’ Pre-procedure mouth rinse.  Chlorhexidine Glucotnate  Listerine

Prevention During treatment  Dental dam  HVE  Disposable items  Barriers  Use of: Overgloves Clean forceps Recapping devices After treatment  Proper disinfection Intermediate level Bleach/water is OK  1 : 10  Proper technique Spray-wipe-spray Wipe-wipe-wipe  10 minutes  Contact time

Exposure Control Written Exposure Plan  Preventive measures  Documents exposure  Indicates appropriate action  Steps to correct an exposure situation Occupational Exposure  Anticipated exposure on the job to: Blood Saliva OPIM  Other potentially infectious materials

Risk of exposure Exposure Determination Chances of having an exposure  Category I Always / usually involves exposure to blood / saliva  Dentists  Hygienists  Assistants  Category II Occasional / possible contact with blood / saliva  Receptionist  Lab case driver  Category III Rare / no contact w/ blood/saliva  Bookkeeper  Office manager

Disease transmission Contamination  Presence of an infectious agent Cross- contamination  Spreading of an infectious agent  How…? Routes of exposure  Direct Pt. to staff etc.  Indirect Pt. to object to staff etc.  Airborne Inhalation

Sterilization Process of killing all forms of life.  Autoclave  Cold sterile Glutaraldehyde  Performed on: Instruments Handpieces  Between every patient Ultrasonic cleaner  Vibrates debris off of instruments. Cavitation process No handpieces 3 – 10 min. Biological monitor  “spore test”  Ensures sterilization has occurred. Autoclave is working.  1 X per week.

Process Indicator Different than the “spore” test.  What is in the bag has been ‘heated’.  Gone through the process  Color change dot/arrow on bag  Process Indicating Tape. Both change color when exposed to heat

Conclusion Understanding diseases, how they are spread and how to protect yourself are very important parts of your job. Treat everyone as if infectious. When in doubt….wash your hands. Always wear your PPE…and remember.  If it’s wet and it’s not yours…DON’T TOUCH IT.

Chapter 10 You will watch a video on Hazard Communication for chapter 10. Pay attention to:  MSDS’s / Appropriate PPE / Safety devices.  Secondary container labeling.  Hazard warning labels.  Signs and symptoms of allergic reactions.