Resettlement Policy Framework Case study examples

Example 1: Croatia Coastal Cities Pollution Control Project Land Acquisition/Resettlement Framework (Final draft 2002)

Project Description Municipal wastewater conveyance and sewage treatment facilitiesMunicipal wastewater conveyance and sewage treatment facilities Specific sites for investment to be determined during implementation, based on requests from MunicipalitiesSpecific sites for investment to be determined during implementation, based on requests from Municipalities –Some land acquisition expected for collector network, pumping stations, treatment facilities, outfall points –Possible (unlikely) that private residences/structures affected; causing temporary or permanent relocation

Elements of Framework Site-specific LAP required for each investmentSite-specific LAP required for each investment LAP to include:LAP to include: –steps taken prior to acquisition (e.g. notification & consultation with landowners) –Steps to be taken during preparation & implementation to ensure compliance with Croatian Law, OP/BP 4.12 Outlines Croatian expropriation law (describes a public and transparent process for identification, negotiation of financial offer, appeal through County Court)Outlines Croatian expropriation law (describes a public and transparent process for identification, negotiation of financial offer, appeal through County Court) Indicates 2 additional steps to be taken for the projectIndicates 2 additional steps to be taken for the project Annex detailing applicable Croation laws, procedures on expropriationAnnex detailing applicable Croation laws, procedures on expropriation

Additional Steps for Project Once tentative alignment identified, sub-borrower to invite all potentially affected landowners by mail to a public consultation (content/results recorded in minutes, available in project file)Once tentative alignment identified, sub-borrower to invite all potentially affected landowners by mail to a public consultation (content/results recorded in minutes, available in project file) Sub-borrower prepare LAP, submit to WB for review/approval it as condition of release of sub- project loan funds (contents of LAP described)...LAP to be updated as new information obtainedSub-borrower prepare LAP, submit to WB for review/approval it as condition of release of sub- project loan funds (contents of LAP described)...LAP to be updated as new information obtained

Example 2: expansion of Greater Addo Elephant National Park, South Africa Resettlement Policy Framework with Associated Income Restoration Plans

Greater Addo Elephant National Park

Existing Park = 125,000 ha (of which 51,000 ha added since 1997 by land purchase or contract) Proposed expansion = 29,000 additional ha National legislation and PA management plan call for no permanent residence or economic use (except tourism) Lands to be incorporated are 13 privately owned agricultural properties Expansion to be added through purchase or contractual arrangements (willing buyer-willing seller) OP 4.12 triggered because concerns over permanent and seasonal agricultural laborers (loss of employment, accommodation) Neither RSA Government nor SANParks have official resettlement policy, or coverage of laborers in expropriation policy – agreed to follow OP 4.12

Resettlement Study TORs Prepare Resettlement Policy Framework, in accordance with OP 4.12*Prepare Resettlement Policy Framework, in accordance with OP 4.12* (Prepare specific Income Restoration Plans for affected people(Prepare specific Income Restoration Plans for affected people Develop database of affected farmers and farm laborers covering proposed land acquisition and all land acquisition since 1997 (names, ages, genders, education/work experience, current wages and other benefits)Develop database of affected farmers and farm laborers covering proposed land acquisition and all land acquisition since 1997 (names, ages, genders, education/work experience, current wages and other benefits) Assess impacts on indirectly (economically) affected peopleAssess impacts on indirectly (economically) affected people Propose benefits for host communities (seeking win-win)Propose benefits for host communities (seeking win-win) *including all elements described previously– legal framework, consultation process, etc.)

Eligibility Criteria (rationale provided in Resettlement Study) Qualifying for resettlement assistance:Qualifying for resettlement assistance: –Farm workers and their families on farms yet to be acquired –Those workers and their families who have already been displaced (specific eligibility criteria defined). –Host communities who may receive these farm workers e.g. the residents of Paterson Township. –Farmers and their families Not qualifying for assistance:Not qualifying for assistance: –Seasonal workers –People living in the GAENP and environs that rely on the current socio-economic configuration around agriculture for their livelihood

Methodology for Valuation and Compensation of Assets Detailed methodology provided for: Homesteads (built by farmer vs. built by laborer)Homesteads (built by farmer vs. built by laborer) Cultivated crops (trees/perennial; annual)Cultivated crops (trees/perennial; annual) Graves (to be fenced and protected within Park)Graves (to be fenced and protected within Park)

Alternative Income-generating Opportunities Expected to fall mainly within conservation and eco-tourism (ca. 40 jobs per 15,000 developed ha; 1 employee per 350 ha)Expected to fall mainly within conservation and eco-tourism (ca. 40 jobs per 15,000 developed ha; 1 employee per 350 ha) Challenge is to ensure opportunities for employment and enterprises to go to project affected persons – skilled and unskilled jobsChallenge is to ensure opportunities for employment and enterprises to go to project affected persons – skilled and unskilled jobs –Estimated opportunities created in GAENP overall: 90 permanent jobs in conservation90 permanent jobs in conservation 260 permanent jobs in eco-tourism260 permanent jobs in eco-tourism 24 permanent technical & administrative jobs24 permanent technical & administrative jobs 71 contract construction jobs71 contract construction jobs 843 temporary poverty relief jobs843 temporary poverty relief jobs PAPs in Phase 1 expansion: 169 workers (1 per 304 ha)PAPs in Phase 1 expansion: 169 workers (1 per 304 ha) Net shortfall in employment for phase 1 land acquisitions = 32 unskilled workersNet shortfall in employment for phase 1 land acquisitions = 32 unskilled workers

Income Restoration Strategies Provide alternative housing for displaced personsProvide alternative housing for displaced persons Direct Employment: ca. 50 jobs with SANParks/GAENP (25% unskilled) – income/benefits to match previous levelDirect Employment: ca. 50 jobs with SANParks/GAENP (25% unskilled) – income/benefits to match previous level Training into semi-skilled positions (connected to ongoing Government poverty relief program)Training into semi-skilled positions (connected to ongoing Government poverty relief program) Interim support while awaiting employment opportunities: replacement housing, cash to replace lost wages until re-employed (ending if worker rejects 2 suitable offers), interim pension for those over 55 until they qualify for government pensionInterim support while awaiting employment opportunities: replacement housing, cash to replace lost wages until re-employed (ending if worker rejects 2 suitable offers), interim pension for those over 55 until they qualify for government pension

Organizational Responsibilities for Implementation Primary responsibility for implementation and financing is with implementing agency (SANParks) – directly or through contracted agents (dedicated Resettlement Officer to be appointed)Primary responsibility for implementation and financing is with implementing agency (SANParks) – directly or through contracted agents (dedicated Resettlement Officer to be appointed) Dept. of Agriculture & Land Affairs provides guidance on valuation and compensationDept. of Agriculture & Land Affairs provides guidance on valuation and compensation Resettlement Working Group provides consultative forum, grievance mechanism, oversight, monitoringResettlement Working Group provides consultative forum, grievance mechanism, oversight, monitoring Independent monitoring team – membership approved by WBIndependent monitoring team – membership approved by WB World Bank general oversightWorld Bank general oversight Annexes on Consultation/Participation, Grievance Mechanisms, Monitoring

Estimated Costs Additional detailed studies: $20,000Additional detailed studies: $20,000 Compensation (structures, crops): $750,000Compensation (structures, crops): $750,000 Income restorationIncome restoration Training: $8,500Training: $8,500 Providing alternative land: $1,935,000Providing alternative land: $1,935,000 Interim support: $678,000Interim support: $678,000

RESULTS Project approved February 2004Project approved February 2004 RPF Implementation is in process – to date 12 ex-farm laborers permanently employed by GAENP, 34 temporarily employedRPF Implementation is in process – to date 12 ex-farm laborers permanently employed by GAENP, 34 temporarily employed Resettlement Working Group meets quarterlyResettlement Working Group meets quarterly SANParks revised own policy regarding land acquisitionSANParks revised own policy regarding land acquisition