PREGNANCY; GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

FERTILIZATION www.thekeytoislam.com

SPERM + SECONDARY OOCYTE  ZYGOTE 38 WEEKS GROWTH DEVELOPMENT PRENATAL POSTNATAL FERTILIZATION: UTERINE TUBE PREGNANCY: UTERUS: 3 TRIMESTERS

PROSTAGLANDINS CAUSE SPERM TAIL TO CONTRACT UTERINE TUBE AND UTERUS CONTRACT: AIDS SPERM TO EGG ESTROGEN CAUSES EARLY UTERUS TO SECRETE A WATERY FLUID ?? OF 200-600 SPERM ONLY A FEW HUNDRED REACH THE EGG

FERTILIZATION BINDS TO ZONA PELLUCIDA ACROSOME RELEASES ENZYMES HYALURONIDASE ONE SPERM ENTERS AND LYSOSOMES HARDEN ZONA PELLUCIDA SPEERM NUCLEUS ENTERS SECONDARY OOCYTE UNEVEN CYTOPLASMIC DIVISION: MEIOSIS COMPLETED 2 PRONUCLEI THEN MERGE: FERTILIZATION: ZYGOTE

PRENATAL PERIOD 38 WEEKS: CLEAVAGE: 30 HOURS AFTER FERTILIZATION CELLS DIVIDE DON’T GROW ? CELLS: BLASTOMERES CLEAVAGE EMBRYO MOVING DOWN UTERINE TUBE: 3 DAYS HOW? NUTRIENTS ? SOLID BALL: MORULA: 16 CELLS FLOATS AROUND UTERUS ~3 DAYS BLASTOCYST: LOSES ZONA PELUCIDA, HOLLOWS OUT DROPS INTO ONE OF TUBULES PLURIPOTENT CELLS ? DIFFERENTIATES: INNER CELL MASS: EMBRYO PROPER WALL: TROPHOBLAST: ASSISTING STRUCTURES IMPLANTATION TAKES ~1 WEEK PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES UTERINE LINING DEVELOPS hCG RELEASED: PROTECTS AGINST IMMINE SYSTEM; KEEPS CL ACTIVE; STIMULATES PLACENTA TO PRODUCE HOIMONES

HORMONAL CHANGES hCG: PREVENT SPONTANEOUS ABORTION: MAINTAINS CL: SO STILL PRODUCES ESTROGEN & PROGESTERONE: ?? INHIBITS FSH AND LH SECRETION WORKS FOR 2 MONTHS/ DECLINES PLACENTA TAKES OVER PRODUCTION OF ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE PLACENTAL LACTOGEN: BREAST DEVELOPMENT; PREPARE MAMMARY GLANDS RELAXIN FROM CL AND PLACENTAL PROGESTERONE INHIBIT UTERINE MUSCLE CONTRACTION ALSO RELAXES PUBIS AND SACROILIAC JOINT DURING LAST WEEK

PLACENTAL ESTROGEN ENLARGES VAGINA INCREASED ALDOSTERONE REATINS SODIUM = FLUID RETENTION PTH: HELPS MAINTAIN HIGH MATERNAL BLOOD CALCIUM

CHANGES UTERUS ENLARGES ?? INCREASE CARDIAC OUTPUT, BLOOD VOLUME, BREATHING RATE, URINE PRODUCTION ?? EAT MORE: MAY SHOW DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS

EMBRYONIC STAGE 2ND WEEK  8 WEEK AMNIOTIC CAVITY FORMS EMBRYONIC DISC: FORMS LAYERS ECTODERM AND ENDODERM, THEN MESODERM PRIMARY GERM LAYERS GASTRULA CONNECTING STALK GASTRULATION ENDODERM: EPITHELIAL ENDODERM: EPITHEILIAL MESODERM: CONNECTIVE TISSUE

ECTODERM: NERVOUS SYSTEM, SENSE ORGANS, EPIDERMIS AND STRUCTURES, LININGS: MOUTH, ANAL MESODERM: MUSCLE, BONE, MARROW, BLOOD AND VESSELS, LYMPHATIC TISSUE, INTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS, KIDNEYS, MESOTHELIUM OF CAVITIES ENDODERM: EPITHELIAL LININGS OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM, RESPIRATORY TRACT, URINARY SYSTEM,

BECOMES MORE HUMAN LIKE PLACENTAL MEMBRANE: CHORIONIC VILLI ?? BECOMES MORE HUMAN LIKE PLACENTAL MEMBRANE: CHORIONIC MEMBRANE EPITHELIUM AND EPITHELIUM OF CAPILLARIES TO ENDOTHELIUM OF UTERUS DIFFUSION ?? AMNIOTIC SAC AND AMNIOTIC FLUID FORM ?? UMBILICAL CORD FORMS 2 ARTERIES; VEIN CHORION AND AMNION FUSE YOLK SAC FORMS: BLOOD CELLS, SEX STEM CELLS

ALLANTOSIS FORMS FROM YOLK SAC TO STALK FORMS BLOOD CELLS FORMS UMBILICAL VESSELS AFTER 8 WEEKS: FETUS

FETAL STAGE 8 WEEKS TO BIRTH MATURES/DEVELOPS SKIN: SEBUM AND DEAD CELLS SKELETON OSSIFIES MUSCLES CONTRACT FAT LAYERS DEVELOP 9 MONTHS: 266 DAYS: FULL TERM 50 CM; 2.7-3.6 Kg REPOSITIONS WITH HEAD DOWN

FETAL CIRCULATION UMBILICAL VEINS HIGHER CONCENTRATION OF OXYGEN: FETAL HEMOGLOBIN HIGHER AFFINITY MOST BYPASSES LIVER: DUCTUS VENOSUS FROM RIGHT ATRIUM TO LEFT: FORAMEN OVALE PARTIALLY BYPASSES LUNGS: DUCTUS ARTERIOSIS UMBILICAL ARTERIES

BIRTH 38 WEEKS PLACENTAL PROGESTERONE ?? DECREASE PROGESTERONE, RELEASE OF PROSTAGLANDINS STARTS LABOR POSTERIOR PITUITARY RELEASES OXYTOCIN ?? UTERINE MUSCLES CONTRACT POSITIVE FEEDBACK: STRONGER CONTRACTIONS, MORE OXYTOCI AFTERBIRTHN

MILK PRODUCTION DURING PREGNANCY AFTER BIRTH: ESTROGEN CAUSES DUCTS TO DEVELOP PROGESTERONE DEVELOPS ALVEOLAR GLNADS PROGESTERONE INHIBITS PROLACTIN AFTER BIRTH: PROLACTIN NOT INHIBITED MAMMARY GLANDS SECRETE MILK SUCKLING: RELEASES OXYTOCIN: ALVEOLAR GLANDS RELEASE MILK POSITIVE FEEDBACK SLIGHT INHIBITION OF REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE

POSTNATAL PERIOD NEONATAL BIRTH– 4 WEEKS BODILY FUNCTIONS ON OWN SURFACTANT REDUCES SURFACE TENSION OF LUNGS LIVER DOESN’T SUPPLY MUCH GLUCOSE: USES FAT KIDNEYS IMMATURE: DEHYDRATION, ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE BODY TEMPERATURE REGULATION MAY TAKE TIME UMBILICAL VESELS CONSTRICT, DUCTUS VENOSUS CONSTRICTS, FORAMEN OVALE CLOSES, DUCTUS ARTEIOSUS CONSTRICTS

INFANCY 4TH WEEK TO 1 YEAR RAPID GROWTH MATURATION AND COORDINATION COMMUNICATION DEPENDS ON PROPER NUTRITION

CHILDHOOD 1ST YEAR TO PUBERTY PRIMARY TEETH  SECONDARY TEETH RAPID GROWTH, MATURATION AND COORDINATION; CONTROL OF BLADDER AND BOWELS

ADOLESCENCE PUBERTY TO ADULTHOOD PREPARATION FOR REPRODUCTION FEMALES DEVELOP FIRST HIGH LEVEL MOTOR SKILLS, INTELLIGENCE INCREASES, EMOTIONS MATURE

ADULTHOOD ADOLESCENCE TO OLD AGE UNCHANGED FOR YEARS 30: DEGENERATION BEGINS: SKELETAL MUSCLES LOSE STRENGTH CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM LESS EFFICIENT SKIN LESS ELASTIC SEX CELL DEVELOPMENT DECLINES

SENESCENCE GROWING OLD DEGENERATION CONTINUES FROM PROLONGED USE, DISEASE AND CELLULAR CHANGE LOSS OF SOME INTELLECTUAL ABILITY, SENSORY FUNCTIONS, LESS COORDINATION PHYSIOLOGICALLY

DEATH USUALLY FROM DISTURBANCE TO CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM OR DISEASE OF VITAL ORGANS PREACTIVE DYING: 3 MONTHS, WITHDRAWS SOCIALLY, APPETITE WANES ACTIVE DYING: 2 WEEKS: RESTS, CONFUSED, EATS LITTLE, ORGAN SYSTEM SHUT DOWN, SKIN MOTTLING, CONGESTION, LOUD BREATHING

PASSIVE AGING BREAKDOWN OF STRUCTURES, SLOWING OF FUNCTIONS CONNECTIVE TISSUE BREAKDOWN DNA ERRORS BUILD UP LIPDS  LIPOFUSCHIN DAMAGE FROM FREE RADICALS

ACTIVE AGING AUTOIMMUNITY DEVELOPS APOPTOSIS

HUMAN LIFE SPAN 120 YEARS US: MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY: FUTURE?????????? MALE: 75.4 FEMALE: 83.2 MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY: FUTURE??????????