Area-wide acaricides Chemicals like carbaryl, cyfluthrin, fulvalinate, permethrin, deltamethrin etc. can give 68- 100% control of nymphal I. scapularis,

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Presentation transcript:

Area-wide acaricides Chemicals like carbaryl, cyfluthrin, fulvalinate, permethrin, deltamethrin etc. can give % control of nymphal I. scapularis, BUT Surveys in CT, MA, NJ, NY show most homeowners not willing to use them Need other options to offer

Prevention Measures Taken Long pants49.8% Cleared Brush48.6% Tick checks45.7% Avoid woods35.1% Pesticide on ground24.4% Fenced property23.1% Tucked pants/sock18.3% Repellents/clothes14.2% Used woodchip/gravel barrier11.4% Vaccine 10.1% Pesticide on Rodents9.0%

ALTERNATIVES TO AREA-WIDE ACARICIDES Host Removal Host Targeted Treatments (Deer & Rodents) Least Toxic (Soaps, Desiccants, Tree Extracts ) Fungal Agents Landscape Management

Insecticidal Constituents from Alaska Yellow Cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis)

Formulation of nootkatone for field trials Active Ingredient – Nootkatone 152 g Solvent – d-limonene 75g Emulsifier – EZ-Mulse 75g Delivery Rate – g/m 2 a.i. = 0.76 % a.i. = 2%

Field Trial: NWS Earle, NJ No. nymphal I. scapularis DaysControlBackpack Highpressure PreTreatment (100%)*0 (100%) (82%)0.4 (98%) (84%)0.4 (98%) (53%)0 (100%) (61%)0 (100%) (41%)0.2 (98%) (77%)0 (100%) *% control of nymphs based on Henderson’s equation; 5 grids for each treatment

Summary of results Natural products such as nootkatone may have a role to play in controlling the vectors of Lyme disease spirochetes Backpack spray application kills and/or repels ticks that are at the surface of the leaf litter but ticks deeper in the leaf litter column are not killed and begin questing after 1-2 wks High pressure spray kills virtually all the nymphs on forest plots and provides protection for entire nymphal questing season

Multiple applications of nootkatone with backpack Date post treatmentUntreatedTreated (% Control) Pretreatment15.8*12.3 NA 1d14.20 (100%) 7d (91%) 14d** (81%) 21d16.80 (100%) 28d (97%) 35d (96%) 42d (96%) *Mean # ticks on 5 plots; **reapplication after 2 weeks

ITM Study in NJ: 1.Deltamethrin barrier spray 2.4-poster acaricides applied to deer 3.Bait box acaricides applied to rodents

Study area in Millstone, NJ

Timeline of ITM Study in NJ MethodTime period# houses 4-poster (deer)Fall 2003 to Spring Bait boxes (rodents) Summer 2004 & Barrier sprayMay

USDA “4-POSTER” DEVICE CORN BAITED SELF-APPLICATION WITH AMITRAZ

Control of Nymphal Ticks Preintvnt Control Area Treatment area % Control* NA58.5%86.6%94.3% *Percentage of control calculated by Henderson’s equation

ITM in NJ: Phase II Can we continue the level of control achieved with 3-pronged approach (barrier spray, 4- poster, bait boxes) with just one method (4- poster)? Continued 4-poster devices through spring 2007 (barrier spray just performed in 2004, and bait boxes 2004 & 2005)

ITM: Phase II Preintrvnt Control Treatment % Control NA

Future of ITM Area-wide acaricides where permitted Host targeted acaricides (deer and rodents) Host targeted vaccines Natural products Biological control agents (fungal or other) Must be made practical & economical for wide acceptance