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Clearcast ® herbicide, a new product from BASF Professional Vegetation Management (ProVM), provides aquatic and terrestrial weed control with minimal irrigation restrictions. Clearcast is highly selective – controlling target weeds, leaving desirables unaffected, making it ideal for aquatic areas used for fishing and other recreation activities.

Clearcast is part of the imidazolinone family of chemistry; discovered in Imazamox, the active ingredient in Clearcast, was first approved for use in 1997 on soybeans and is currently used on 15 different crops on a global basis. In 2003 imazamox received an exemption from tolerance designation from the US EPA, resulting in the waiving of food residue tolerance requirements for all potential food or feed uses of imazamox. It is the only organic herbicide that is exempt from all tolerances. BASF has conducted its aquatic research in conjunction with University Cooperators, US Army Corp of Engineers and consultants. Excellent results have been achieved with foliar treatments on floating and emergent species. History and Development

Clearcast is a liquid (water based) formulation containing 1.0 pound of active ingredient per gallon of product Clearcast does not contain a surfactant Foliar applications require the addition of an appropriate adjuvant for aquatic sites Clearcast is non-volatile and does not contain any petroleum solvents Clearcast Herbicide Formulation

No restrictions on fishing, swimming, drinking, and no live stock watering restriction No irrigation restrictions when residues fall below 50 ppb Labeled for use on golf course irrigation ponds* *See label for specific irrigation restrictions Clearcast Application Flexibility

DO NOT use any Clearcast- treated waters from still or quiescent sources for irrigation purposes less than 24 hours after Clearcast application is completed. Waters receiving Clearcast either as a water treatment or as a foliar treatment on emergent/floating plants may be used for irrigation as long as concentrations are ≤ 50 ppb. Irrigation Restrictions Still and quiescent waters with an average depth of four (4) or more feet receiving a foliar application of Clearcast (≤ 2 quarts per acre) to emergent/floating vegetation may be used for irrigation on allowable sites 24 hours after application is completed. There are no irrigation restrictions on allowable sites for the use of treated water from flowing waters, such as irrigation canals with an average depth of four (4) or more feet, receiving a foliar application of Clearcast (≤ 2 quarts per acre) to emergent/floating vegetation.

Clearcast Application Tips Good coverage is important for optimal control Surfactant is always required for emergent and floating species For best results, use a MSO or MSO/silicone blend Applications can be made around desirable hardwood vegetation

The following types of spray adjuvants are recommended for use with Clearcast for emergent treatments: Non-ionic Modified seed oil Vegetable oil concentrates Silicone based surfactants Invert emulsions Always use an adjuvant that is appropriate for aquatic use Spray Adjuvants

Clearcast inhibits a plant specific enzyme (AHAS) that is essential to the production of three amino acids. Sensitive plants stop growing within 24 hours after treatment and then slowly senesce as food and energy reserves are exhausted. Speed of senescence will vary with plant size and growth habit. Clearcast is quickly absorbed by plant foliage and translocated throughout the plant where it concentrates in the actively growing portions of roots and shoots. This characteristic enhances the long term control of many perennial plant species. For foliar applications Clearcast is rainfast within one hour. Clearcast is taken up by plant roots in terrestrial settings. Root uptake in aquatic settings is likely to be less significant because of the significant water solubility. Mode of Action

Clearcast herbicide has a very favorable toxicological profile and product labeling carries a CAUTION signal word Acute mammalian (human) toxicity via oral, dermal, eye and inhalation routes of entry are all EPA category III-IV, the lowest level of concern Based on the results of EPA required testing, Clearcast is not expected to cause any adverse chronic affects in mammals Clearcast is not a carcinogen, terratogen, mutagen nor is it an endocrine disruptor Mammalian Toxicology

Clearcast has a very favorable ecotoxicology profile Based on the battery of studies performed to achieve EPA registration, Clearcast is not expected to have an adverse acute or chronic effect on birds, fish, mammals, insects, mollusks or crustaceans Ecotoxicology

Species/TestLC 50 /LD 50 NOEC/NOEL Mallard duck 8-day dietary>5572 ppm5572 ppm 14-day dietary>1950 mg/kg1950 mg/kg Bobwhite quail 8-day dietary>5572 ppm5572 ppm 14-day dietary>1846 mg/kg1846 mg/kg Honey bee contact>25 mg/bee25 mg/bee Ecotoxicology

Species/TestLC 50 NOEC Bluegill sunfish 96h flow-through>119 ppm119 ppm Rainbow trout 96h flow-through>122 ppm122 ppm Daphnia 96h flow-through 122 ppm >122 ppm

Water: The primary means of dissipation in water is via dilution and photolytic breakdown Photolytic breakdown in water results in a 10 to 14 day half life Photolytic half life will vary based on water clarity, depth, vegetative cover and light intensity Clearcast herbicide does not bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms Environmental Fate- Water and Sediment/Soil Sediment/Soil: Clearcast herbicide does not partition into or accumulate in the hydrosoil/sediment Under aerobic soil conditions (terrestrial), Clearcast is degraded by soil microorganisms The half life of Clearcast in soil is approximately 12-days, depending on environmental and soil conditions

Water hyacinth Frogbit Water shield Water lily Alligator weed Primrose Common salvinia Lotus Parrotfeather Water four leaf clover Pennywort Pickerelweed Smartweed Spatterdock Sagittaria Cattail Phragmites Giant reed- arundo Chinese tallowtree Brazilian pepper tree Floating, emergent, and shoreline weeds and brush

Shoreline

Control Purple Loosestrife 9 months after treatment – 32 oz/A

Cattail 9 months after treatment - 32 oz/A

Cattail control 1 year after treatment - 32 oz/A

Cattail control 30 days after treatment - 32 oz/A

Phragmites Control 1 year after treatment - 64oz/A + 1% MSO

Arundo 0.5% + 1% MSO 9 months after treatment

Selective Chinese Tallowtree and Phragmites Control Aerial application of Clearcast applied over the top of desirable hardwoods.

Selective Chinese Tallowtree Control

Trees shown to be tolerant to Clearcast Red Mulberry - Morus rubra Salt bush, Groundsel-tree – Baccharis halimifolia Wax Myrtle – Myrica cerifera Loblolly Pine - Pinus taeda Southern Red Cedar - Juniperus silicicola Sugarberry - Celtis laevigata Bald Cypress - Taxodium distichum Elm Species – Ulmus spp. Chinaberry tree - Melia azedarach Black Willow - Salix nigra Live Oak - Quercus virginiana Species listed are results from research conducted by Jack Whetstone, Clemson University

Cypress Screening (LSU Sanders) Study conducted by Dr. Dearl Sanders at Louisiana State University shows the tolerance of foliar applied Clearcast to cypress seedlings from rates ranging from 64oz/A to 4oz/A.

Floating and Emergent Weeds

UntreatedClearcast 16oz/A Water Hyacinth 6 weeks after treatment

Water Hyacinth 4 weeks after treatment

Cattail, Sedge and Alligatorweed 25 days after treatment - 0.5% v/v Red maple tolerance at 64oz/A

Cattail, Sedge and Alligatorweed 63 days after treatment - 0.5% v/v

Watershield Before Treatment

Watershield 6 weeks after treatment - 64oz/A

Good Coverage is Critical - surfactant needed

Spatterdock, Watershield and Waterlily - 64 oz/A

Waterlily, Spatterdock and Watershield 6 weeks after treatment

Common Salvinia in Louisiana 64 oz/A + MSO/silicone blend 1% v/v

Clearcast Symptoms

Common Salvinia in Louisiana 6 month after treatment

Frogbit, Cattail and Pickerelweed Control 2 months after treatment - 32oz/A

American Pondweed 25 days after treatment

Slow acting so no dissolved oxygen concerns Only EPA tolerance exempt herbicide Labeled for golf course waters More consistent control compared to glyphosate alone Great tank mix partner with glyphosate Good coverage is important for optimal control Surfactant is always required for emergent and floating species For best results, use a MSO or MSO/silicone blend Applications can be made around desirable hardwood vegetation Non volatile Summary

What is the difference between Clearcast and Habitat ® herbicide? Clearcast is approved for both submerged and foliar applications. Clearcast is more selective. Clearcast has minimal effect on brush. Clearcast can be used in irrigation water with minimal irrigation limitations. Clearcast has a short soil residual.

Questions