ICS I II III IV V

Bones of The Limbs dr. Dea Amanda

The Axial & Appendicular Skeleton Slide 5.20b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.6

Bones of the Upper Limbs Tdd: Gelang bahu: clavicula, scapula  fs: melekatkan tlg lengan ke rangka axial Bones of free upper limb –Humerus (brachialis) –Radius & ulna (ante brachii) –Carpal, metacarpals, & phalanges (manus) brachialis antebrachium Cingulum pectorale manus

Clavicula.. Clavicula.. = collar bone “S” shaped, medial 2/3 convex forward & lateral 1/3 convex backward Batas: –Medial: sternum –Lateral: acromion Tampak atas Clavicula (D) Corpus claviculae Facies articularis sternalis Facies articularis acromialis

Scapula.. = tulang belikat Borders (3) Margo Superior: mengarah ke ujung bahu –Prosesus coracoideus : tonjolan brbtk kait, fs: tempat prlekatan otot ddg dada & lengan Margo Lateralis mengarah ke lengan Margo Medialis paralel dg columna vertebralis Margo superior Proc. coracoideus Margo medialis Margo lateralis

Surfaces (2) Facies Anterior (a) (=costalis) Facies Posterior (b): –spina scapulae (c)  awal di margo vert, melebar saat dkt bahu, mjd: –acromion (d)  artikulasi dg clavicula b a c d

Humerus.. Humerus.. Anterior: Upper end: –caput humeri (a)  msk ke dlm fossa glenoidalis skapula, –collum anatomicum (b), –collum chirurgicum (c) –tuberculum majus & minus Humerus (D) Tampak anterior d c b a

Humerus.. Humerus.. Anterior: Corpus humeri: –tuberositas deltoidea (d)  perlekatan otot deltoid Lower end: –epicondylus lateralis (e) & medialis (f) –fossa coronoidea (g), –fossa radialis (h) –Condylus humeri (i) Humerus (D) Tampak anterior d c b a e f i

Humerus.. Posterior Upper end: idem Lower end: epicondylus lateralis & medialis, fossa olecrani (*) f e *

Radius.. Upper end: –caput radii, –collum radii, –tuberositas radii  perlekatan otot bisep Lower end: –processus styloideus (lateral), –facies articularis carpalis (inferior)

Fracture of the distal end of the radius..

Ulna.. Upper end: –olecranon (a) –Processus coronoideus (b) –Incisura radialis (c) Lower end –Processus styloideus ulnae (d) –caput ulnae (e) a c b e d

Carpal bones (8) Proximal: (lateral  medial) scaphoid, lunate, triquetral & pisiform Distal row : (lateral  medial) trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate Metacarpal bones (5) Numbered one to five from thumb to little finger Structure of each―base (proximally), shaft, and head (distally) Phalanges of fingers (14) Consist of 14 ―two for first digit (thumb) and three for each of other four digits Structure of each ―base (proximally), shaft, and trochlea of phalanx (distally), tuberosity of distal phalanx

Bones of the Lower Limbs Composition: Gelang panggul (=cingulum pelvicum): os coxae Bones of free lower limb: –Femur in thigh –Patella (genu) –Tibia & fibula (cruris) –Tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges (pedis)

Hip Bone (=cingulum pelvis) = os coxae Tdd 3 tulang (fused): –os ilium, os ischium, os pubis Fungsi: –Transmisi BB ke tungkai bwh –Melindungi organ2 pelvis & abdomen Artikulasi: –Anterior: simfisis pubis –Posterior: dg sakrum

HIP BONE Ilium –Membentuk 2/5 bag. Acetabulum (a) –Lempeng tulang lebar –Batas atas: crista iliaca –Ujung ant.krista: spina iliaka anterior superior (SIAS)  b –Ujung post.krista: spina iliaka posterior superior  c a c b Os ilium

Ischium –Membentuk 2/5 bag. acetabulum (posterior & inferior) –Menyangga saat duduk –Ramus of ischium(a), ischial tuberosity(b) Pubis –Membentuk 1/5 bag. acetabulum (anterior & inferior) –Menyatu dg pasangannya di simfisis pubis Tdd: –Ramus superior & inferior  mbentuk foramen obturatorium (#) Os pubis Os ischium # a b

Femur.. Femur.. =tulang paha Terpanjang Terkuat Terberat Femur (D) Tampak anterior Femur (D) Tampak posterior

Femur.. (2) Femur.. (2) Ujung proximal: –Caput femoris (a) –collum femoris (b) –trochanter mayor (c) –trochanter minor (d) Corpus femoris: –Linea aspera (e) (post) Femur (D) Tampak anterior Femur (D) Tampak posterior a b c c d e

Femur.. (3) Femur.. (3) Ujung distal: –Condylus medialis (a) & lateralis (b), –facies patellaris (c) (anterior), –fossa intercondylaris (d) (post) –facies poplitea (e) Femur (D) Tampak anterior Femur (D) Tampak posterior b e c d a

Fracture of the femoral neck..

Patella.. Patella.. = tempurung lutut triangular Bagian: –Basis patella –Apex patella –Facies anterior –Facies articularis

Tungkai Bawah.. Tdd: Tibia –Medial –> besar –Menyangga berat badan Fibula –Lateral –≠ Ikut menopang berat badan –Fs: menambah area u/ perlekatan otot Tibia Fibula

Tibia.. Proximal: –Kondilus medialis (a) –Kondilus lateralis (b) –Tuberositas tibia (c) (anterior)  u/ perlekatan lig. patella Corpus tibia: –Krista tibia (d) (ant) Distal: –Malleolus medialis (e)  pergelangan kaki medial Tibia (D) tampak anterior Tibia (D) tampak posterior ba c d e

Fibula.. Fibula.. Proximal: –caput fibula (a) –collum fibula (b) Corpus fibula: –margo interosseus (c) Distal: –malleolus lateralis (d) (dpt diraba di ankle) Fibula (D) tampak lateral a b c d

Tarsal.. Tdd 7 tulang pendek, tersusun dlm 3 baris: Posterior  talus, calcaneus Intermediate  navicular bone Anterior  os cuneiforme mediale, intermedium, & laterale; os cuboideum

Metatarsal.. Metatarsal.. Tdd 5 tlg, numbered one to five medial to lateral Struktur: base (proximal), shaft, & head (distal) in each Phalanges of toes Tdd 14―two for first toe (hallux) and three for each of other four toes

T H A N K Y O U !!