U NIT 4 Topic 4 Forces Loads & Stresses. P ICTURING F ORCES A force diagram is a simple picture that uses arrows to show the strength and direction of.

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Presentation transcript:

U NIT 4 Topic 4 Forces Loads & Stresses

P ICTURING F ORCES A force diagram is a simple picture that uses arrows to show the strength and direction of one or more forces The length of the arrow represents a force The longer the arrow the stronger force The direction of the arrows shows the direction of the force

External forces on structures are stresses that act on a structure from outside the structure These forces produce internal forces, or stresses, within the materials from which the structure is made These internal stresses can change the shape or size of a structure and is called deformation This deformation can lead to repair of the damage to the structure, or failure of the structure. F ORCES

E XTERNAL F ORCES A dead load is a permanent force, acting on a structure This includes the weight of the structure itself

E XTERNAL F ORCES A live load is a changing, or non-permanent force acting on a structure This includes the force of the wind and the weight of things that are in or on a structure

E XTERNAL F ORCES Impact forces (things that collide with the structure) are another type of live load Impact Forces in Slow Motion

H ERE IS A FUNNY PICTURE

I NTERNAL F ORCES Tension forces Stretch a material by pulling its ends apart Tensile strength Measures the largest tension force the material can withstand before failing Ripping in Slow Motion

I NTERNAL F ORCES Compression forces crush a material by squeezing it together Compressive strength measures the largest compression force the material can withstand before it loses its shape or fails. The Strength of Eggs

I NTERNAL F ORCES Shear forces bend or tear a material by pressing different parts in opposite directions at the same time. Shear strength measures the largest shear force the material can withstand before it rips apart.

I NTERNAL F ORCES Torsion forces twist a material by turning the ends in opposite directions Torsion strength measures the largest torsion force the material can withstand and still spring back into its original shape.

I NTERNAL F ORCES A bending force is a combination of tension and compression Shear and torsion forces are also a combination of tension and compression

S O THE KEY MESSAGE IS … If you get that you win science!