Gennadi Milinevsky National Antarctic Scientific Center of Ukraine, Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Ukraine Ukraine Antarctic research at Vernadsky station: results and prospects This work was partly supported by grant INTAS
Where and what research Ukraine provides in Antarctica? Task 1. Climate change at Antarctic Peninsula Task 2. Antarctic ozone hole Task 3. Sun-Earth energy transfer, space weather Other research (GPS, GIS, Biology, Medicine) Priorities of research Structure:
Task 1: Climate change at Antarctic Peninsula
Annual mean temperature in raised up to 2.5 С Warming in Antarctic Peninsula region Faraday/Vernadsky temperature,
- temperature - pressure - wind speed and direction - precipitation - humidity - snow level Meteorology and climate Modular Automatic Meteo Station – MAWS:
Sea water temperature anomaly +4.2 C
Antarctic Peninsula climate changes – impact on ecosystem Met Records Minimum temperature C 1958 Maximum temperature C 1985 Maximum gust 78 knots 1991 Deschampcia Antarctica
UV-A and UV-B measurements
The tide gauge for sea level measurements – climate warming
Sea water and salinity measurements at Barchans Islands hydrology site
Galindez Island aerial photograph, December 1956 (BAS, R.Thomas, 1963 ) Ice caps dynamics in Antarctic Peninsula climate change conditions
Galindez ice cap boundaries: Dec 1956 and Jan 2004 Since 1956 the Galindez ice cap area has decreased significantly
West part of Galindez ice cap changes м м м 3
Argentina Islands ice caps: prognosis for the future If the temperature trend left constant that the ice cap could be discharging within century This process could be increased due to unique water temperature anomaly observed last years (up to + 4°C)
Task 2: Antarctic Ozone Hole
Ozone measurements season
Longitude asymmetry in is rising Planetary wave in ozone layer
Displacement to East from 55°W to 0° Consequence: redistribution of UV radiation at sea level This changes may influence on regional climate and ecosystem During 30 years the asymmetry in ozone max and min positions enhanced
Task 3: Sun-Earth and troposphere-ionosphere energy transfer, space weather processes of energy distribution from the Earth surface to ionosphere height
Need to understand how solar energy affect the atmosphere and climate Solar effects are focused in polar regions
Ionosonde ISP-42 - radar for impulse ionosphere soundings Height: km Frequency: MHz Ionosphere soundings
Vernadsky Boston area Geomagnetic conjugate regions: Vernadsky – USA East Coast Channel for energy transfer from S-hemisphere to N-hemisphere
Magnetometer LEMI-008 Measurement range Resolution Range I nT 10 nT Range II nT 0.1 nT Bandwidth DC 1 Hz Time of sampling 1s, 2s, 5s, 10 s, 60 s Extremely low noise level – less than 5 pT at 1 Hz
The geomagnetic micropulsations Pc3 observed simultaneously at Vernadsky and Boston area
Troposphere Weather – Space Weather Drake Passage and Antarctic Peninsula –place for cyclones ~ 50 powerful cyclones annually Energy propagation from surface to ionosphereCyclon April 1, 1998
Magnetic field and pressure at Vernadsky Correlation AG waves
Idea: 1.The severe weather fronts is “projected” on ionosphere 120 km height 2.The delay of magnetic field response minutes (corresponded velocity m / s) 3.«Projection» of weather fronts to North hemisphere! Possible carrier? Atmosphere gravity waves AGW: Severe troposphere weather front “pull” the AGW
Search of planetary wave propagation to ionosphere heights: E-layer (120 km)
LEMI-112a induction magnetometer -ELF receiver: two orthogonal search-coil magnetometers -frequency band 0, Hz -low noise level – less than 0,03 pT/ at 10 Hz.
F2 layer height long-term changes : + - Faraday data, х – Vernadsky data Greenhouse effect cooling in mesosphere (90 km), “drop down” of ionosphere layers
in Vernadsky region and adjacent territory of Antarctic Peninsula Other research: Geodesy survey, GIS - GPS – gravimetric measurements
Permanent dual-frequency GPS receiver antenna installation at Vernadsky, Antarctica, April tectonics - total electron content - troposphere humidity
Biology, human biology and medicine HUMAN ADAPTATION
The toxicant XRF-analysis of gentoo penguin feather of Petermann Island colony, Antarctic Peninsula
“clean” hair “dirty” hair Ni, Cu, Pb, Se, Hg Cleaning of human body during winter XRF-analysis of the metals in the winterers hair
After winter the Cs amount in body essentially decreased Ukrainian winterers have usually increased amount of R/A Cs in body
Conclusion: Priorities of research Climate variability study ( ice cap ) Ozone hole (Oz and UV measurements) Upper atmosphere – Space Weather GIS of the Vernadsky region Creation of UA National Antarctic Database Providing the environmental monitoring Geodetic network – neotectonics Research equipment development