EARLY CIVILIZATIONS, 8000 BC – 500 BC (TEST REVIEW) UNIT 1

EARLY CIVILIZATION 8000 BC – 500 BC THE CAUSE-EFFECT IN RELATIONSHIP TO THE NEOLITHIC AGE WAS THE CLIMATE CHANGE , WHICH LED TO LONGER GROWING SEASON FOR FARMING. BUDDHISM AND HINDUISM ARE ALIKE IN A WAY THEY BOTH BEGAN IN THE SAME MODERN DAY COUNTRY. THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION OF THE NEOLITHIC AGE AFFECTED LIFESTYLES IN A WAY OF SETTLED COMMUNITIES. A GREAT EXAMPLE OF THEOCRACY WOULD BE THE PHAROAH OF EGYPT. HE WAS CONSIDERED A god-king. HE CONTROLLED RELIGION, GOVERNMENT AND THE MILITARY. THE ANCIENT CIVILIZATION ERA IS CHARACTERIZED BY: ORGANIZED GOVERNMENTS, MAJOR RELIGIONS, WRITING.

EARLY CIVILIZATION 8000 BC – 500 BC ALL OF THE FOLLOWING WERE IMPACTS OF HAMMURABI’S CODE: LAW WAS MADE MORE CONSISTENT AND PREDICTABLE, LAWS CONTAINED A CLEAR PATH FOR JUSTICE, LAWS WERE PLACED IN PUBLIC FOR ALL TO SEE. CONFUCIANISM IS TO HUMAN BEHAVIOR AS HINDUISM IS TO REINCARNATION. ALL OF THE FOLLOWING ARE ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION: WRITTEN NUMBERS, GEOMETRY AND ADVANCE MEDICINE. THE INDUS RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATION WAS THE FIRST TO USE CITY PLANNING AND SEWER SYSTEM. THE MAJOR CHANGES OF THE NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION: THE POPULATION GREW, SPECIALIZED WORKERS DEVELOPED IN THE CITIES AND ADVANCED CITIES GREW ALONG RIVERS AND DELTAS.

EARLY CIVILIZATION 8000 BC – 500 BC THE WHEEL WAS FIRST USED IN MESOPOTAMIA AND WAS AN EXAMPLE OF DIFFUSION OF TECHNOLOGY. THE EGYPTIAN ALSO, USED THE WHEEL TO CREATE CHARIOTS FOR WARFARE. THE REASON WHY EGYPT WAS CALLED “GIFT OF THE NILE” WAS IT PROVIDED IRRIGATION FROM THE NILE TO IMPROVE FARMING. THE EARLIEST CITIES OF THE INDUS RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS CHANGED LOCATION, BECAUSE THE INDUS RIVER WOULD CHANGE COURSE. A DYNASTY IS CHARACTERIZED BY A FAMILY MAINTAINING POWER FOR SEVERAL GENERATIONS. THE SHANG DYNASTY HAS BEEN CLASSIFIED AS A CIVILIZATION, BECAUSE IT HAD A GOVERNMENT SYSTEM, SKILLED WORKERS IN SILK / BRONZE, AND A SYSTEMS RECORD KEEPING.

EARLY CIVILIZATION 8000 BC – 500 BC AS CITIES AND ECONOMIES GREW, THEY NEEDED RULES TO MAINTAIN ORDER AND ALSO, NEEDED GOVERNMENT-DIRECTED ARMIES TO TAKE CARE OF INVADERS. SITE OF ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS: EUPHRATES RIVER, HUANG RIVER NILE RIVER, INDUS RIVER AND TIGRIS. DOCUMENTS INFLUENCING MODERN SCIENCE: MAGNA CARTA, DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, HAMMURABI’S CODE AND JUSTINIANS CODE. MAJOR WORLD RELIGIONS: CHRISTIANITY, BUDDHISM, HINDUISM, ISLAM AND JUDAISM. ACHAEOLOGIST – A PERSON WHO FINDS ARTIFACTS IN EXCAVATIONS. ANTHROPOLOGIST – A PERSON WHO BRINGS MORE INSIGHT FROM THE WRITTEN AND PICTORIAL LANGUAGES FOUND. CULTURAL DIFFUSION – GOODS MOVED FROM COMMUNITY TO COMMUNITY, THE STYLE OF THE GOODS WERE COPIED BY THE LOCAL PEOPLE.