Autotrophs: self feeders, organisms capable of making their own food – Photoautotrophs: use sun energy – Chemoautotrophs: use chemical energy Heterotrophs: must take in energy from outside sources, cannot make their own ex. animal s Energy: the capacity to do work

1 st Law of Thermodynamics: Energy cannot be created or destroyed Energy is only stored or transferred 2 nd Law of Thermodynamics: Energy tends to disperse spontaneously Entropy (energy dispersal) increases

OVERVIEW PHOTOSYNTHE SIS CELLULAR RESPIRATION Light Energy = Sunlight Stored Chemical Energy = Glucose Useable Chemical Energy = ATP

OVERVIEW ENDERGONIC REACTIONS Stores free energy in the bonds of organic molecules Releases energy from bonds for use small molecules (CO 2, H 2 O) macromolecules (carbs, fats, proteins) EXERGONIC REACTIONS small molecules (CO 2, H 2 O) macromolecules (carbs, fats, proteins)

Method of converting sun energy into chemical energy usable by cells Electron Transport System and Calvin Cycle PHOTOSYNTHESIS 6CO H 2 O + light energy → C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 + 6H 2 O 6CO H 2 O + light energy → C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2

ELECTRON TRANSPORT SYSTEM Light-dependent; “light cycle” Occurs in the thylakoids Chlorophyll in chloroplasts captures light energy Makes the “fuel” for the Calvin Cycle OCCURS ONLY WITH SUNLIGHT

CALVIN CYCLE Light-independent “Dark Cycle” Occurs in the stroma Breaks apart CO 2 and uses the carbons to form glucose OCCURS IN SUNLIGHT AND NIGHTTIME

Method of converting stored chemical energy into usable chemical energy CELLULAR RESPIRATION C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 → 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + ATP Energy

GLUCOSE