Skeletal and Muscle Systems Chapter 5

Skeletal System Composed of bone and cartilage

Periosteum: Connective tissue that covers the bone’s surface

Joint: Union of two bones

Ligaments, Tendons, and a tough fibrous capsule provide stability to the joint

Skeleton Stores: Minerals (calcium and phosphorus Manufactures blood cells Stores fat in limb bones (in adults)

Long bones: found in limbs Support body weight Act as levers of propulsion

Short: found in knee and hock Aid in shock of impact

Flat: ribs, scapula, some in skull Encloses vital organs

Irregular bones: unpaired bones Vertebrae and some in skull

Bony growths (splints, spavins, and ringbone) are a result of injury to the periosteum Periosteum nourishes the bone through blood vessels (like antlers)

Cartilage: Covers joints Diminishes effect of concussion and provide a smooth joint surface to minimize frictional resistance to movement

Axial Skeleton: skull, spine, ribs, breastbone, pelvis, tail Appendicular Skeleton: forelegs and hindlegs

Muscle system Provides movement internally and externally Red flesh or lean meat 50% of the body weight

3 types of muscles: Smooth- involuntary Cardiac – involuntary striated Striated or Skeletal

Smooth Muscles: 1.Digestive system 2.Uterus of females

Peristalsis: Wavelike contractions of digestive system Can contract for hours without getting fatigued

Cardiac Muscle: Only in the heart Contraction requires no nerve stimulus Split-second intervals of rest

Striated or Skeletal Muscle Attached to bony levers Move the body voluntarily with control of the will