1. Intro to Skeletal System

2. Skeletal System GQ: Why do we have bones? Composed of: - bones
- ligaments
- joints
- cartilages
- other associated connective tissues

3. Why do we have bones?
What are the functions?

4. Skeletal System Functions: Support Protection
The bones of the legs, pelvic girdle, and
vertebral column support the weight of
the erect body.
The mandible (jawbone) supports the
teeth.
Other bones support various organs and tissues.
Protection
The bones of the skull protect the brain.
Ribs and sternum (breastbone) protect the lungs and heart.
Vertebrae protect the spinal cord.

5. Skeletal System Movement Reservoir for minerals and adipose tissue
Functions:
Movement
Skeletal muscles use the bones as levers to move the body.
Reservoir for minerals and adipose tissue
99% of the body’s calcium is stored in bone.
85% of the body’s phosphorous is stored in bone.
Adipose tissue is found in the marrow of certain bones.
What is really being stored in this case? (hint – it starts with an E)
Hematopoiesis
A.k.a. blood cell formation.
All blood cells are made in the marrow of certain bones.
Erythropoiesis – red blood cell formation

6. Bone Classification Axial skeleton Appendicular skeleton
There are 206 named bones in the human body.
Each belongs to 1 of 2 large groups:
Axial skeleton
Forms long axis of body
Skull, spine, & rib cage.
Provide protection & support, and carry other body parts.
Appendicular skeleton
Bones of upper & lower limbs and the girdles (shoulder bones and hip bones) that attach them to the axial skeleton.
Involved in movement

7. Types of bones
Long bone
Flat bone
Irregular bone
Short bones

8. Long bone anatomy
Marrow cavity

9. Surface features of bones
Openings
Foramen
Hole, Passage way for blood vessels or nerves
Canal
Passage way though a bone (longer than foramen)
Fissure
Elongated cleft
Sinus
A chamber within a bone

10. Surface features of bones
Elevations and projections
Process
Projection or bump
Ramus
Extension of a bone making an angle with the rest of the structure
Depressions
Fossa
A shallow depression
Sulcus
A narrow groove

11. Surface features of bones
Processes formed where tendons or ligaments attach
Trochanter
Large, rough projection
Tuberoity
Smaller, rough projection
Tubercle
Small, rounded projection
Crest
Prominent ridge
Line
Low ridge
Spine
Pointed process

12. Surface features of bones
Processes formed for articulation
Head
Expanded articular head of epiphysis
Neck
Narrow connection between epiphysis and diaphysis
Condyle
Smooth, rounded articular process
Trochlea
Smooth, grooved articular process (pulley)
Facet
Small flat articular surface