Technology in Architecture Lecture 10 Mechanical Systems Lecture 10 Mechanical Systems

Mechanical Systems Mechanical Systems

Mechanical Systems Organize the Information Rank the energy use Design the building envelope/ Define the thermal zones Verify code compliance Define the HVAC system requirements Select the system(s) Locate primary equipment Locate secondary equipment Locate distribution outlets Locate distribution paths Architect Engineer Architect/ Engineer/ Other Trades

Ranking the Energy Use Verify daylight/sunshine availability Verify costs of energy Verify programmatic uses of energy (HVAC, Lighting, DHW, Process) Verify cost incentive opportunities

Design the Building Envelope Evaluate passive thermal opportunities Confirm material availability Define tectonics Select fenestration and shading systems Jewett Art Center, Paul Rudolph

Design the Thermal Zones Recognize passive solar opportunities and constraints

Design the Thermal Zones Organize program to recognize Function Schedule Orientation Building Form Building Envelope Support Systems

Thermal Zones—Functions Organize program to recognize: Space usage and occupancy needs Temperature/humidity requirements Thermal inter-relationships

Thermal Zones—Schedule Organize program to accommodate diverse schedules Time of day for compatible uses Interaction/noninteraction of uses

Thermal Zones — Orientation Organize program to use orientation to enhance opportunities for: Direct sun Daylight Microclimates Banff Aquatic Center, Alberta, CN

Thermal Zones — Building Form Organize program to reflect building form Load dominance Self-shading Price Tower, Frank Lloyd Wright

Thermal Zones — Building Envelope Organize program to recognize opportunities for: Single skin Double skin

Thermal Zones—Support Systems Organize program to recognize support systems effects: Centralized vs. decentralized Distribution paths Raised floor/ceiling plenum Controls S: p. 433, F.10.48

Support Systems — Controls Control systems: Thermostats Building automation systems

Controls — Thermostats Thermostats: Do not locate on exterior wall Do not locate in direct sun Do not locate in direct path of HVAC discharge Do not include portions of separate rooms Locate in the zone it controls Locate in return air ducts

Controls—Automated Building automation systems User access to override features Centralized control station vs individual control S: p. 430, F.10.45

Verify Code Compliance ASHRAE 90.1—Energy Code for Nonresidential Buildings ASHRAE 90.2—Energy Code for Residential Buildings ASHRAE —Ventilation Code

Define HVAC System Requirements Space conditions for temperature & humidity Condition ranges & tolerances Summer & Winter design conditions

Select Systems Based on: Performance capabilities Space psychrometric criteria Construction cost Operating Cost Solar Heliostats Solar Power(ful)

Locate Primary Equipment Primary equipment uses raw energy to generate heating and cooling media (chilled water, hot water, or steam) Boilers Chillers Cooling Towers Accessory equipment (pumps, tanks, etc) Thermal storage systems

Locate Primary Equipment Location factors Service access at grade or below grade with truck dock Size/Volume Noise Fire safety Security Future expansion of mechanical plant LNCO Mechanical Room (during construction)

Locate Primary Equipment Location factors Service access at grade or below grade with truck dock Size/Volume Noise Fire safety Security Future expansion of mechanical plant S: p. 380, F.10.2a

Locate Secondary Equipment Secondary equipment uses generated media to distribute conditioned air or water to individual thermal zones Air handling units (with coils) Heat exchangers Accessory equipment Marriott Library Fan Room

Locate Secondary Equipment Location factors Adjacent to/within zone served Service access Size/Volume Noise Fire safety Security S: p. 380, F10.2

Locate Secondary Equipment Location factors Adjacent to/within zone served Service access Size/Volume Noise Fire safety Security S: p. 380, F.10.2a

Locate Secondary Equipment Location factors Adjacent to/within zone served Service access Size/Volume Noise Fire safety Security S: p. 380, F.10.2b

Locate Secondary Equipment Location factors Adjacent to/within zone served Service access Size/Volume Noise Fire safety Security S: p. 380, F.10.2c

Locate Secondary Equipment Location factors Adjacent to/within zone served Service access Size/Volume Noise Fire safety Security S: p. 380, F.10.2d

Locate Secondary Equipment Location factors Adjacent to/within zone served Service access Size/Volume Noise Fire safety Security

Locate Distribution Outlets Distribution occurs via: Air diffusers/ registers Perimeter radiation Panel radiation (floor or ceiling) LNCO Dean’s Office Ceiling Space

Locate Distribution Paths Connect distribution outlets to secondary equipment LNCO Fan Room

Locate Distribution Paths Ductwork and piping can be located in vertically aligned chases or in ceiling space over corridors Architect is responsible for locating access panels where needed G. H. Schettler House

Locate Distribution Paths Connect secondary equipment to primary equipment Use vertical and horizontal zoning to coordinate trades

Locate Distribution Paths Coordinate all trades for service access and space allocations Equipment and access panels should be located away from occupied space when possible LNCO System Distribution Coordination

Distribution Paths Interstitial floors for mechanical-electrical systems may be used to eliminate service/ user interaction UM Hospital Campus