An Approach to Anemia.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Red Cell Disorders Robert E. Richard, MD, PhD Assistant Professor Division of Hematology University of Washington School of Medicine

Advertisements

HEMATOLOGY WHAT IT IS : Study & measurement of individual elements of Blood. WHAT IT’S COMPOSED OF. SHOW SLIDES FROM PERIPHERAL BLOOD TUTOR CD OR USE PLATE.

Anemia of Chronic Renal Failure Etiology 1.Metabolic Red Blood Cell Dysfunction 2.Decreased Erythropoietin production 3.Hemolytic Ureamic Syndrome 4.Marrow.

1 Anemia of chronic disease = Anemia of chronic disorders (ACD)

Classification of anemia

Normocytic Anemia David Lee, MD, FRCPC. Normocytic anemia a heterogenous group of anemias normocytosis implies normal DNA metabolism and hemoglobin synthesis.

Evaluation of Anemia By Dr. Stephen Szabo.

Anemia 101- Case Studies Peter A. Kouides MD

Paolo Aquino PGY-I January 2005 VA Hospital

Approach to Anemia - Summary

AN APPROACH TO THE ANEMIC PATIENT Martin H. Ellis MD Meir Hospital 2007.

Clinical pathology department SCU

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Anemia Dr. Meg-angela Christi M. Amores. What is Hematopoeisis? It is the process by which the formed elements of the blood are produced Erythropoeisis:

ANEMIA DEFINITION & CLASSIFICATION

Lecture – 3 Dr. Zahoor Ali Shaikh

This lecture was conducted during the Nephrology Unit Grand Ground by a Sub-intern under Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine in King Saud University.

MLAB Hematology Keri Brophy-Martinez

Complete Blood Count ( CBC). Complete Blood Count ( CBC)

Complete Blood Count.

Week 1: Microcytosis Anemia classification Anemia classification Micro-Hypo anemia Micro-Hypo anemia CBC and histogram CBC and histogram IDA IDA Fe metabolism.

By Fatin Al-Sayes MD, MSc, FRCPath Consultant Hematology Assistant Professor.

Anaemia By Jeeves.

Chapter 7 Diseases of the Blood. Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 1 Terms  Erythrocytes: Red blood cells.

INTRODUCTION TO ANEMIA Definition. Age, Sex and other factors. Causes of Anemia. Clinical diagnosis. Classification of Anemia. Laboratory Tests in the.

Laboratory diagnosis of Anemia

ANEMIA Mohamed M. Abdo By Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine

Reticulocyte. RETICULOCYTE Young red blood cell; still have small amounts of RNA present in them Can be detected using supravital stain Tend to stain.

Anemia. Definition Is defined as a reduction in one or more of major RBC measurements. Anemia: Is defined as a reduction in one or more of major RBC measurements.

Lecture 2 Red Blood Cells, Anemias & Polycythemias

Clinical laboratory diagnostics of anemias

ERYTHROCYTE INDICES.  Is the volume of average red blood cell measured in cubic micron  MCV= Packed cell volume x 10/red blood cell count  Normal value.

MLAB 1415: Hematology Keri Brophy-Martinez Chapter 8: Anemia Part Two.

Main symptoms and syndromes of patients with different variants of anemia.

ANAEMIA ŞİFA-TUĞÇE.

Laboratory evaluation of erythrocyte RBC Haemoglobin Packed cell volume MCV MCH MCHC RDW Reticulocyte Blood film Quantitative description of erythropoiesis.

Red blood Cell Changes and Circulatory problems

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function Chapter 26 Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

Nada Mohamed Ahmed , MD, MT (ASCP)i

Hypochromic Microcytic Anemia's

ERYTHROCYTE II (Anemia Polycythemia)

CLASSIFICATION OF ANEMIA

Approach to Anemia Sadie T. Velásquez, M.D.. Objectives.

Anemia Presented by M.A. Kaeser, DC Fall 2009

Introduction to Anemia Prof. Dr. S. Sami Kartı. Definition Anemia is defined clinically as a blood hemoglobin or hematocrit value that is below the appropriate.

Anemia John R. Brill, MD, MPH. Anemia Goals –Review common causes of anemia –Provide conceptual framework for evaluating patients with anemia –Show some.

Anemia of chronic disease is a hypoproliferative ( بالتدريج) anemia associated with chronic infectious or inflammatory processes, tissue injury, or conditions.

Copyright © 2007, 2004, 2000, Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved. Focus on Anemia.

Tabuk University Tabuk University Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences Department Of Medical Lab. Technology 2 nd Year – Level 4 – AY

AN APPROACH TO THE ANEMIC PATIENT. Prevalence and causes of anemia world-wide Blood 2014;123:615 Us More common in women Iron deficiency most common cause.

ANEMIA - PART I Overall Approach and Iron Deficiency Anemia BY: Zorawar Noor 4/21/2014.

MLAB Hematology Keri Brophy-Martinez

Classification of Anaemia

1 COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF BIOMEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE Chapter 20. Erythrocytic disorders.

Anemia of chronic disease = Anemia of chronic disorders (ACD) 1.

Approach to Anemias. Objectives At the end of this session you should be able to: describe history and physical examination findings pertinent to anemia.

Alterations of Erythrocyte Function Chapter 26 Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

ANEMIA BY: ASAL GHARIB.

MLAB Hematology Keri Brophy-Martinez

MLAB Hematology Keri Brophy-Martinez

ANAEMIA- BASIC ASPECTS

Introduction To Medical Technology

MEGALOBLASTIC ANAEMIA

Anemia By: Dr Sunita Mittal.

APPROACH TO A PATIENT WITH ANEMIA

ANEMIA MAGDI AWAD SASI MAGDI AWAD SASI. NORMAL PERIPHERAL SMEAR.

Anemia of chronic disease =Anemia of chronic disorders (ACD)

ANEMIA Iron deficiency.

Anemia March ,12,2019.

Presentation transcript:

An Approach to Anemia

Definition: Anemia is operationally defined as a reduction in one or more of the major RBC measurements: hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, or RBC count Keep in mind these are all concentration measures

Anemia? Production? Survival/Destruction? The key test is the …..

The reticulocyte count (kinetic approach) Increased reticulocytes (greater than 2-3% or 100,000/mm3 total) are seen in blood loss and hemolytic processes, although up to 25% of hemolytic anemias will present with a normal reticulocyte count due to immune destruction of red cell precursors. Retic counts are most helpful if extremely low (<0.1%) or greater than 3% (100,000/mm3 total).

The reticulocyte count To be useful the reticulocyte count must be adjusted for the patient's hematocrit. Also when the hematocrit is lower reticulocytes are released earlier from the marrow so one can adjust for this phenomenon. Thus: Corrected retic. = Patients retic. x (Patients Hct/45) Reticulocyte index (RPI) = corrected retic. count/Maturation time (Maturation time = 1 for Hct=45%, 1.5 for 35%, 2 for 25%, and 2.5 for 15%.) Absolute reticulocyte count = retic x RBC number.

Causes of Anemia (kinetic approach) Decreased erythrocyte production Decreased erythropoietin production Inadequate marrow response to erythropoietin Erythrocyte loss Hemorrhage Hemolysis

Anemia: Etiologies Blood Loss: Iatrogenic bleeding Bleeding during or after surgical procedures Bleeding into the upper thigh and/or retroperitoneal areas can often be significant, but not clinically obvious.

Anemias due to decreased erythropoietin production Conditions Associated with Anemias Due to Reduced Erythrocyte Production Anemias due to decreased erythropoietin production Renal disease Endocrine deficiency (pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, testis) Starvation Hemoglobinopathy (reduced oxygen affinity) Anemias due to inadequate marrow response to erythropoietin Deficiency state (iron, vitamin B12, folate) Anemia of chronic disease (inflammation, infection, or malignancy) Sideroblastic anemia Myelodysplasia Pure red cell aplasia

Underproduction (1) (morphological approach) MCV>115 B12, Folate Drugs that impair DNA synthesis (AZT, chemo., azathioprine) MDS MCV 100 - 115 Ditto endocrinopathy (hypothyroidism) Epo (skipped cell divisions) reticulocytosis

Underproduction (2) Normocytic Anemia of chronic disease Mixed deficiencies Renal failure Microcytic Iron deficiency Thalassemia/trait Anemia of chronic disease (30-40%) sideroblastic anemias