The Urinary Tract Consists of four main parts paired kidneys & ureters, a single bladder & urethra The urinary tract is a pathway for the elimination of.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
EXCRETORY SYSTEM (urinary)
Advertisements

The Urinary System.
Overview of the Urogenital system: Urinary division Kidneys Kidneys Ureter Ureter Bladder Bladder Urethra Urethra.
EXCRETORY SYSTEM EXCRETORY SYSTEM Karen Lancour Patty Palmietto National Bio Rules National Event Committee Chairman Supervisor – A&P.
The Urinary System.
The Urinary System.
Excretory System How to make pee ….
Urinary System Spring 2010.
3 functions of the urinary system Excrete nitrogenous wastes – Urea produced from the metabolism of proteins and nucleic acids Other animals produce ammonia.
The Urinary System Chapter 26 (or 25). The Urinary System Chapter 26 (or 25)
Transported substances move through membranes
The Urinary System Removing waste, balancing blood pH, and maintaining water balance.
Urinary System.
The Urinary System.
The Human Excretory System
Urinary system Kidneys filter blood to keep it pure  Toxins  Metabolic wastes  Excess water Dispose of nitrogenous wastes from blood  Urea  Uric.
Urinary System and the Excretion System
The Excretory System. The excretory system The excretory system includes the skin, lungs and kidneys which all release metabolic wastes from the body.
 ture=related ture=related 
The Urinary System.
Urinary System As the Urine Flows. Excretion- removing nitrogenous wastes, certain salts and excess water from blood.Excretion- removing nitrogenous wastes,
Kidney Functions Anatomy of the Kidney Anatomy of the Nephron Urine Formation Water Balance Q $100 Q $200 Q $300 Q $400 Q $500 Q $100 Q $200 Q $300 Q.
Chapter 15 The Urinary System
Functions of The Urinary System -Rid the body of Nitrogen Waste -Regulate water balance -Regulate electrolytes (ions) Ca+, K+, Na+ -Regulate acid/base.
Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology Fifth edition Seeley, Stephens and Tate Slide 2.1 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin.
Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slides 15.1 – Seventh Edition Elaine.
The Urinary System.
Controlling the Internal Environment Chapter 40. The Big Picture The excretory system is a regulatory system that helps to maintain homeostasis within.
Chapter 15 The Urinary System
EXCRETORY SYSTEM.
Anatomy & Physiology Unit 8. Kidneys  Organ that filters the blood and removes wastes Ureter  Tube that carries wastes from the kidney to the bladder.
Excretory System Excretion – removal of metabolic waste.
The Urinary System. Kidney Functions (1) Your kidneys filters your blood daily, allowing urinary excretion of toxins, metabolic wastes, and excess ions.
Chapter 15 The Urinary System.
The Urinary System. OVERVIEW wrTgE&list=PLR6x- Lyq3PY7GVj1h5mFQ9Y9mMj_jnmWQ
Urine Formation. Review of nephron structure afferent arteriole glomerulus efferent arteriole proximal convoluted tubule distal convoluted tubule Loop.
ELAINE N. MARIEB EIGHTH EDITION 15 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by.
Function Rid body of nitrogenous wastes Regulate water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of blood.
Metabolic Waste Removal
Urine Formation pages The Urinary System: Urine Formation pages
ELAINE N. MARIEB EIGHTH EDITION 15 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by.
Excretion and the Interaction of Systems. 9.1 The Structures and Function of the Excretory System 9.2 Urine Formation in the Nephron 9.3 Excretory System.
Urinary system physiology and manifestation
HUMAN EXCRETORY SYSTEM.
ELAINE N. MARIEB EIGHTH EDITION 15 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by.
URINARY SYSTEM Urology is the branch of medicine that deals with the urinary system and the male reproductive tract.
The Urinary System. Functions of the Urinary System Elimination of waste products –Nitrogenous wastes –Toxins –Drugs Regulate aspects of homeostasis –Water.
Chapter 15 The Urinary System
The Urinary System Waste Removal System. The Urinary System The major function of the urinary system is to remove metabolic waste from blood and direct.
Urinary System REGULATING THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT.
Human Anatomy & Physiology
Anatomy of the Urinary Tract
Metabolic Waste Removal
7:12 Urinary System Excretory system
The Urinary System.
The Urinary System.
Part 3 Kidney and Excretion
The Urinary System.
Unit 3.4 Water.
Excretory System.
Chapter 15 The Urinary System
The Urinary System.
Chapter 15 The Urinary System
The Urinary System.
Urine Formation pages The Urinary System: Urine Formation pages
The Urinary System.
Chapter 15 The Urinary System
The Excretory System.
Chapter 15 The Urinary System
Chapter 15 The Urinary System
Presentation transcript:

The Urinary Tract Consists of four main parts paired kidneys & ureters, a single bladder & urethra The urinary tract is a pathway for the elimination of metabolic by-products and toxic and other non-essential molecules all dissolved in a small amount of water (urine)

Kidney Structure & Function Excretion: removal of metabolic by-products, toxic molecules & other non-essential molecules Conservation of water, as necessary Maintenance of acid-base balance in the blood

The Ureters & Kidney Stones The ureters carry the urine formed in the kidneys to the bladder Ureters are fibromuscular tubes, lined by transitional epithelium. Their narrow structure makes them prone to being obstructed by mineralized concentrations (“stones”) from the kidneys. If the stones are too large to pass naturally, they can be crushed using shockwave therapy.

Urinary Bladder & Urethra The urinary bladder is also a fibromuscular structure and the mucosa is lined with transitional epithelium The bladder can hold as little as 50mL of urine or up to 700-1000mL without injury As it distends, it rises into the abdominal cavity and bulges posteriorly The urethra is a fibromuscular glandular structure also lined with transitional epithelium The male urethra is larger (20cm) than the female (4cm) Males are more prone to urethritis (swelling & irritation of urethra due to viral or bacterial infection; painful urination, blood may be in the urine) Females are more prone to cystitis – bladder inflammation, usually bacterial (UTI)

Kidney Structure I The kidneys are about the size of a clenched fist and lie against the back abdominal wall just above the waistline The kidney consists of filtering capsules, tubules, and blood vessels tightly packed together into what is called the parenchyma. The outer covering of the kidney, called the capsule, is thin but tough and fibrous When cut open, two regions appear and outer cortex and inner medulla. A microscopic view will reveal the unit of kidney function, the nephron

Kidney Structure II The cortex consists of convoluted tubules and filtering capsules The apex of each medullary pyramid forms a papilla which fits into a cup-shaped funnel called the minor calyx These funnels open up into a major calaces which then open into the renal pelvis in the area called the renal sinus. The renal pelvis narrow to form the proximal ureter, sharing the area with the renal artery and vein

Renal Blood Flow Renal blood flow (the amount of blood that flows through the kidney) is app 1300mL per minute (through both kidneys) About 125-130mL of plasma is filtered into the renal tubular systems each minute. Less that 1% of the filtered plasma (~0.7mL) is actually excreted as urine, demonstrating the important role kidneys play in water conservation.

The Nephron The functional unit of the kidney is a nephron; There are about 1 million per kidney A uriniferous tubule consists of a nephron and a collecting tubule

Uriniferous Tubule

Nephron Structures & Functions Renal Artery: carries blood to the kidney Glomerulus: cluster of capillary like vessels where filtrate leaves blood Bowman’s (renal) capsul: surrounds the glomerulus; accepts/collects filtrate Proximal Convoluted Tubule: where tubular reabsorption begins; NaCl, HCO3-, H2O, glucose & Aas, poisons & H+ filtered (secreted for removal) Loop of Henle: H2O reabsorbed going down, NaCl reabsorbed going up; first passively than actively Distal Convoluted Tubule: more NaCl and bicarbonate reabsorbed; some drugs & poisons filtered Collecting Tubule: carries urine to ureter; also further reabsorption of H2O, NaCl & urea

A closer look at the Renal Capsule

The Loop of Henle Summary Video Clip

Urine Under normal resting conditions, the kidneys, comprising less than 0.5% of the body weight, receive 25% of the cardiac output. Of the 1300mL of blood that enter through the renal arteries every minute, 1290-1299mL leave through the renal veins. The remaining 1-2mL leave as urine via the ureter. Urine is primarily water, salt, small amounts of acid and a variety of waste products such as urea, however urine composition and volume change to compensate for any fluctuation in volume or composition of body fluids. Kidneys are the “guardians” of the internal environment, reworking the body fluids 15x/day (hydration, pH etc.)

Normal Characteristics of Urine: Color & Transparency Ranges from yellow to amber depending on urochrome (pigment resulting from hemoglobin destruction) concentration The more concentrated the urine, the deeper the yellow color Abnormal coloration (pink, brown, smoky tinge)may result from eating certain foods (beets) or presence of bile pigments or blood in the urine Some drugs and vitamins alter urine color (riboflavin causes the bright “neon” yellow/green) Cloudy urine may indicate infection in the urinary tract

Normal Characteristics of Urine: Odor & pH Fresh urine should be only slightly aromatic Left to stand, an ammonia odor will develop as bacteria metabolize urea solutes Some drugs and vegetables alter odor (asparagus) Diseases may also alter odor (diabetes mellitus can produce a fruity odor due to acetone content) Normally urine is slightly acidic (pH ~6) Metabolic or dietary changes can alter range (~4.5-8) Diets high in protein and whole wheat lowers pH Diets high in vegetables raise pH4 Prolonged vomiting or urinary tract infection creates alkaline urine

Normal Characteristics of Urine: Specific Gravity Because urine is water plus solutes, it is more dense and weighs more than distilled water. Specific gravity is the comparison of the weight of a substance to the weight of an equal volume of distilled water. The specific gravity of distilled water is 1.0, the specific gravity of urine ranges from 1.001 to 1.035, depending on solute concentration In extremely concentrated urine, solutes will precipitate out of solution

Normal Characteristics of Urine: Chemical Compostion Approximately 95% of the volume of urine is water, the remaining 5% is solutes The largest component of urine, by weight, is urea, derived from the normal break down of amino acids Other nitrogenous wastes include uric acid (from nucleic acid metabolism) and creatinine (from CP metabolism) Normal solute constituents in order of decreasing concentration are: urea, sodium, potassium, phosphate and sulfate ions. Much smaller and variable amounts of calcium, magnesium & bicarbonate ions may also be found. Abnormally high concentration of any solute may indicate pathology. Certain diseases cause dramatic changes in composition: glucose, blood proteins, RBCs, hemoglobin, WBCs (pus) or bile pigments. Such substances are a sign of disease and useful in diagnosis.