Unit 7 When lightening struck

Contents A. Text one I. Pre-reading:I. Pre-reading (I) Warm-up questions (II) Background information II. While-reading: Text Analysis (I) Structure analysis (II) Comprehension questions (III) Language points (IV) Difficult sentences III. Post-Reading: (I) Grammatical items (II) Translation Exercises (III) Oral activities (IV) Writing practice B. Text two （ I ） Questions for text comprehension （ I ） Questions for text comprehension （ II ） Language points （ II ） Language points

A. text one I. Pre-reading: (I) warm-up questions 1. Do you have any dangerous experience? How did you react in that dangerous circumstance? Pre-reading: (I) warm-up questions

(II). Background Information 1. Urgent rescue of airplane crash Aviation contingency( 意外事故 ) is most possible to happen 6 minutes after takeoff and 7 minutes before landing, which is called " 13 terrible minutes ". Statistics shows that 65% of the accidents happen within these 13 minutes in our country. So passengers should take the plane on request and fasten the safety belt before taking off. Pre-reading: (II) Background information

Confirm the distance and route between one's own seat and recent emergency export after boarding. Passengers must know how to open the urgent export. Heavy and hard luggage overhead must be moved near the foot. If accidents happen, bend over or creep to export. Pre-reading: (II) Background information

2. Lighting Lightning is the release of electrical energy in the sky. Lightning can start fires. It also can kill. During a storm, the normally neutral particles in clouds hit each other. They become electrically charged. As they flow toward each other, they form an electric spark of light. Some lightning is created between clouds. Other lightning is created within clouds. And some is created when negative charges from a cloud’s base move down to meet positive charges rising from Earth. Pre-reading: (II) Background information

Experts tell people to seek the safety of a building or a hard-top vehicle any time they hear thunder, even if it is not raining. People who are outside should make sure they are not the tallest things around. Bend low to the ground, but do not lie down. Do not stand near a tree or any tall object. Stay out of — and away from — water. Get away from bicycles and other things made of metal. A car is safe, but do not touch any metal inside.

Lightning that strikes the Earth carries one or more electrical discharges called strokes. The bright light seen in a flash of lightning is called a return stroke. Return strokes travel at the speed of light. They discharge about one- hundred million volts of electricity. They heat the air to more than thirty-three- thousand degrees Celsius. Air heated by return strokes expands and produces the sound of thunder.

3. the Expressions on plane Before takeoff Good morning (afternon, evening), Ladies and Gentlemen: Welcome aboard XX Airlines flight XX______to______(via______) The distance between______and_______is______kilom eters. Our flight will take ________ hours and_______minutes. We will be flying at an altitude of________meters and the average speed is_______ kilometers per hour. Pre-reading: (II) Background information

In order to ensure the normal operation of aircraft navigation and communication systems, mobile phones, toys and other electronic devices throughout the flight and the laptop computers are not allowed to use during take-off and landing. We will take off immediately, Please be seated, fasten your seat belt, and make sure your seat back is straight up, your tray table is closed and your carry- on items are securely stowed in the overhead bin or under the seat in front of you. (This is a non- smoking flight, please do not smoke on board.) The (chief) purser _________with all your crew members will be sincerely at your service. We hope you enjoy the flight! Thank you! Pre-reading: (II) Background information

After takeoff Ladies and Gentlemen: We have left_____for_____. Along this route,we will be flying over the provinces of ___, passing the cities of _____, and crossing over the ______ Breakfast(lunch,supper) has been prepared for you. We will inform you before we serve it. Now we are going to introduce you the use of the cabin installations. This is a XX aircraft. Pre-reading: (II) Background information

The back of your seat can be adjusted by pressing the button on the arm of your chair. The call button and reading light are above your head. Press the call button to summon a flight attendant. The ventilator is also above your head. By adjusting the airflow knob, fresh air will flow in or be cut off. Lavatories are located in the front of the cabin and in the rear. Please do not smoke in the lavatories. Pre-reading: (II) Background information

Before arriving 1.Ladies and gentlemen. We’ll arrive in Manila in half an hour. The local time in Manila is 2:10 p.m. The weather is fair, and the temperature is 85 degrees Fahrenheit. Thank you. 2.Please return your seat and table to its upright position. 3.Please remain seated until the plane has come to a complete stop.

II. While-reading: Text Analysis (I) Structure analysis The story is the writer’s objective and vivid narration of her extraordinary, unforgettable travel experience on a plane for the purpose of praising good people and their fine behaviors and bringing out superb touching human relations witnessed at critical moments. Part one (1-4) Introducing the setting and unexpected happening and some main characters. Part two (5-9) feelings and actions of the author, and other passengers Part three (10-12) what the author did and saw after the safe landing. Part four (13-14) author’s gratitude to that flight and what she has learned in that flight While-reading: (I) Structure analysis

(II) Comprehension questions 1. What happened to the plane? It was stricken by the lightening. 2. What did the pilot decide to do? The pilot decided to make an emergency landing in New Orleans. 3. How did the glamorous young woman comfort the writer? The glamorous young woman across the aisle reached over when she saw how scared the writer was. holding tightly the writer’s hand with her ringed hand, the young woman confided in her southern drawl, “I tell you, the problems I brought up on this with me sure don’t seem real big right now.” “Are you okay?” she kept asking the writer. While-reading: (II) Comprehension questions

4. Why did the writer feel proud of her fellow passengers? During the excruciating 20 minutes everybody on board was behaving admirably well. No one panicked. On one screamed. As they jolted and screeched their way downward, the writer could hear small pockets of soothing conversation everywhere. 5. How did the passengers react to their safe landing? They felt greatly relieved, thinking that they were fortunate enough. They clung together. They chatted about the lives they now felt blessed to be living, as difficult or rocky as they might be. While-reading: (II) Comprehension questions

6. What acts of kindness were done after the safe landing? For example, the young businessman lamented that he did not have a chance to buy his two little girls a present. An older woman offered him her box of expensive chocolates, still untouched, with a lovely bow. And the glamorous young woman took out her cell phone and passed it to anyone who wanted to make a call to hear the reassuring voice of a loved one. While-reading: (II) Comprehension questions

7. What had the writer’s husband been complaining about? He had been complaining that he wasn’t getting too see his wife very often because of her book tour. 8. What does the author learn from that flight? She is greatly touched by her nice fellow passengers and their fine deeds. She thinks it is important for her not only to pay back their kindness but also to pass it on to others. While-reading: (II) Comprehension questions

（ III ） Language points 1. somehow: In a way not specified, understood, or known. 不知何故，以某种方 式 The newspaper had somehow got hold of some secret government papers. I'll find out her address somehow (or other). 2. strap in: have a belt fastened around you in a car 系好（安全带） Always make sure that all passengers and heavy loads are strapped in. Bodies not strapped in by seat belts go flying. While-reading: （ III ） Language points

3. stricken: very badly affected by trouble, illness, unhappiness etc 深受折 磨、打击 panic-stricken, drought-stricken/cancer- stricken, grief-stricken, poverty-stricken area While-reading: （ III ） Language points

4. be supposed to: a. should or should not do We're supposed to check out of the hotel by 11 o'clock. You’re not supposed to smoke here. b. be expected to; be intended to 应该，被期望 The meeting was supposed to take place on Tuesday, but we've had to postpone it. The new laws are supposed to prevent crime. c. be generally agreed 认为 Mrs Carver is supposed to have a lot of money. I haven’t seen it myself, but it’s supposed to be a great movie.

5. Put away: （ 1 ） put sth. in a place where it is usually kept He is in the habit of putting the books away after he reads them. （ 2 ） Save (money) for later use As an economical wife, she puts away some money each month.

6. emergency [u/c] an unexpected and dangerous situation that must be dealt with immediately Lifeguards are trained to deal with emergencies. We must have some money put away to prepare for all kinds of emergencies. The staff need to know what to do in an emergency. In case of emergency, press the alarm button. emergency exit/supplies/aid/landing/meeting/treatment( 急救 ) Well, put the emergency procedure into operation... Right.

7. be done: be finished or completed The job's nearly done. somebody is done (with something) =someone has finished doing or using something As soon as I'm done, I'll give you a call. Are you done with this magazine?

8. To the point where: to the degree that Their relation has got to the point where they can't fall asleep without seeing each other. After eating in the dining hall for one year we have got to the point where we never feel surprised when seeing a fly in the dish.

9. pull yourself together: to force yourself to behave in a controlled way Head in her hands, she tried to pull herself together. It took them seconds to pull themselves together and reorganize themselves.

12. Make it: be successful Gina has her driving test today. I hope she makes it. make it to: succeed in getting somewhere If we can make it to the bus station in ten minutes.

11. reassure: make people calm or less frightened 使... 安心, 再保证, 使... 恢复信心， 安慰 The company tried to reassure shareholders about the safety of their stocks. They apologized and reassured us that the matter would be dealt with immediately.

12. confide: to tell sb secrets and personal information that you do not want other people to know; disclose 吐露 confide to sb. sth./ that He confided to his friends that he didn't have much hope for his marriage. He is going to confide the secrets of his heart to us. confide in sb. （对知己）吐露秘密 / 心事 I've never felt able to confide in my sister.

13. bring up: （ 1 ） mention, raise 提到 Why did you have to bring up the subject of money? He was always vague when I brought the subject up, so I never pushed it. （ 2 ） look after and influence a child 培 养 He was brought up by his grandparents.

14. indiscriminate: unselective, chaotic 不加选择的，胡乱的 Indiscriminate use of medicine can only make your disease worse. She’s always been indiscriminate in her choice of friends.

15. panic: a. v. to suddenly feel so frightened that you cannot think clearly; scare 恐慌 Don’t panic. When a plane gets into difficulty it is essential that the pilot does not panic. b. n. a sudden strong feeling of fear or nervousness in (a) panic The children fled in panic.

16. Go through: (1) to look at sth carefully, especially in order to find sth: 浏览，检查 I always start the day by going through my . She went through the company’s accounts, looking for evidence of fraud. （ 2 ） experience a difficult or unpleasant situation, feeling etc When you're going through a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone. He's going through a divorce at the moment.

17. transfer ： a. To change from one public conveyance to another: 转乘 If you take the bus, you'll have to transfer twice. b. to move from one place, school, job etc to another I'd like to transfer $500 to my checking account. The head office has been transferred from Boston to New York. transmit: send ， convey 传送 transmit information/heat/light/knowledge/signal

18. blessed: fortunate I feel very blessed that I have my family around me every day and that we all work so well together. 19. lament: To regret deeply; deplore ； mourn 懊悔； 后悔；痛惜；悲痛 The nation lamented the death of its great war leader. He lamented his thoughtless acts. In the poem he laments the destruction of the countryside.

20. reassuring: making you feel less worried or frightened Reassuring words/ smile/ answer/ promise It's reassuring to know that all passengers have landed safely.

21. get to do sth.: informal to have the opportunity to do something We got to meet all the stars after the show. Tom gets to go to Disneyland this summer.

22. Terra firma: dry land After such a rough voyage, we were glad to reach terra frima again. We were safely brought down from the air onto tera firma after such a horrible experience.

23. pay back: repay, return I’ll pay your money back on Friday. I'll pay Jenny back for what she did to me!

24. indebted ： a. owing money to someone heavily indebted nations be indebted to a person for a large sum b. grateful I will be for ever indebted to people who encouraged and supported me. I am deeply indebted to my family for all their help.

1. …always figuring that if we ever got to the point where we needed to use life jackets. (para. 4) …always thinking that if one particular moment should happen when we needed to put on life jackets. 2. small potatoes (para. 5) If sb. or sth. is referred to as a small potato, it seems unimportant when compared to somebody or sth. else. Here the author implies that the girl’s visit to London is going to seem unimportant, compared to the incident. (IV) Difficult sentences While-reading: (IV) Difficult sentences

3. The female equivalent of the confident businessman must have seen how scared I was.(para. 6) The business woman as confident as the business man must have noticed my fear. 4. …I’d have a couple of broken fingers from all the TLC. (para. 7) I’d have one or tow fingers broken because of the lady’s tender loving squeezes. TLC: tender loving care. While-reading: (IV) Difficult sentences

III. Post-Reading (I) Grammatical items: 1. Modal auxiliary 2. Past tense forms of verbs to express hypothetical meanings2. Past tense forms of verbs to express hypothetical meanings III. Post-Reading: (I) Grammatical items

1. Modal auxiliary When a modal auxiliary takes the predictive meaning, the infinitive after it may appear in the perfect form to denote “past time” and in the progressive form to denote “future time”. When the modal auxiliary takes the non-predictive meaning, the infinitive after it usually appears in its base form. III. Post-Reading: (I) Grammatical items

Practice Rewrite the following,using modal auxiliary + the correct form of the infinitive. (1). It's possible that he knows the answer. He may know the answer ( 2). I am reasonably sure that it was difficult. I must have been sure that it was difficult. III. Post-Reading: (I) Grammatical items

(3). I can't believe that he forgot his appointment. He couldn’t have forgotten his appointment. (4). It is reasonable to assume that she's coming tomorrow. She must be coming tomorrow. III. Post-Reading: (I) Grammatical items

(5). It is our duty to help people in need. We ought to help people in need. (6). Am I allowed to say something ? May/Can I say something? III. Post-Reading: (I) Grammatical items

(7). Perhaps he has gone to the museum. He may have gone to the museum. (8). Why didn't you apologize? You ought to have apologize. III. Post-Reading: (I) Grammatical items

2. Past tense forms of verbs to express hypothetical meanings Practice Fill in the blanks with proper forms of the verbs in the brackets. (1)If you _____________ (listen) to me,you wouldn't be in such trouble now. (2)If I ___(be)less cautious, I would have been wiser. (3)I wish very much you ____(can) manage to come over. (4)I'd rather you _____(know) that now, than afterwards. had listened were could knew III. Post-Reading: (I) Grammatical items

(5) It's time he ______(have) a good rest. (6)He talks as if he ______(be) the manager here. had were III. Post-Reading: (I) Grammatical items

（ II ） Translation Exercises 1. 我很快爬上峭壁，以便饱览大海的景色。 (scramble) I scrambled up the cliff for a better look at the sea.. 2. 他向窃贼猛扑过去，为夺取武器与之搏斗。 (lunge) He lunged at the burglar and wrestled with him for the weapon. 3. 我认为我国国民经济将继续快速增长。 (figure) I figure that our national economy will continue to develop. III. Post-Reading: （ II ） Translation Exercises

4. 董事长力图让股东们放心，公司业绩不佳 的 情况不会再发生。 (reassure) The chairman made effort to reassure the shareholders that the bad result would never occur. 5. 别像个孩子似的！要控制你自己 !(pull oneself together) Stop acting like a baby! Pull yourself together. 6. 他是个非常隐秘的人，从不向任何人透露自 己的秘密。 (confide in) Being a very much a private man, he does not confide in anyone. III. Post-Reading: （ II ） Translation Exercises

7. 我们憎恨恐怖分子对普通人不加区别 的施暴行为。 (indiscriminate) We all hate the terrorists’s indiscriminate violence against ordinary people. 8. 这个国家有许多人对暴力犯罪案件的 急剧增加感到惊慌。 (alarm) Many people in this country are alarmed by the dramatic increase in violent crime. III. Post-Reading: （ II ） Translation Exercises

9. 我们预料敌人可能设法过河，所以我们把 桥摧毁了。 (anticipate) We anticipated that the enemy would try to cross the river, that’s why we destroyed the bridge. 10. 我十分感激那些为聚会取得圆满成功而不 辞辛苦的人们 (be indebted to) I’m indebted to all the people who worked so hard to make the party a great success. III. Post-Reading: （ II ） Translation Exercises

(III) Oral activities Role-play: Together with your classmates, play the roles of the narrator, the little girl, the businessman, the business woman and the old woman. III. Post-Reading: （ III ） Oral activities

(IV) Writing Write a short essay on the following topic in about 150 words. Why do you think some people are attracted to dangerous sports or other dangerous activities? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. III. Post-Reading: (IV) Writing

Sample: Nowadays many people attracted to dangerous sports and other dangerous activities. From my everyday experience and observation I think it is a result of dramatic changes in people's life. Just imagine at old times men had to hunt for food, fight, face many challenges and obstacles. Now our days are quite ordinary with a cup of coffee, donut, computer, desk table and TV. Basically, we do not have to straggle every day for our life and we have nutritious meal without any efforts. So, all we have to do is to contemplate out life. However, I must confess it can be boring. All improvements created for the past centuries made our life easier. Nowadays people look for adventure. They want to face a challenge, prove themselves something, conquer the world, etc. Personally, I think that every person sees different goals in doing dangerous activities. Some people want to add some stress and tension to their lives. From the other side, other people want to eliminate stress and tension gained from their everyday lives. They can forget about all troubles and leave them behind. I believe that dangerous activities give one freedom, happiness, feeling of independence and tone. To sum up, I think that dangerous sports and activities are irreplaceable in our life. Without them our life would be miserable and boring. III. Post-Reading: (IV) Writing

B. Text two (I) Questions for text comprehension 1. How does the author feel about his father? He was a kind and generous father who loved all his children, but he never said how much he loved them. 2. What information and dominant impression does the author give us about his parents? His father was physically weak and self- consciously superfluous, while his mother was always energetic and busy running her home. Text two: (I) Questions for text comprehension

3. What purpose does the description of the author’s mother serve? From what the author tells about his mother, we can see that she is an energetic woman with a strong love for life but no regrets and that she enjoys dominance over her old man. 4. How did the author’s mother convey affection to his father? By talking about her relationship with the old man to show her intention to relieve their lives together, mum conveyed affection to dad. And she did not feel sorry for her life with her husband. 5. What essential qualities do you think the author’s mother possessed? She was energetic, impatient, willful and self-important. Text two: (I) Questions for text comprehension

(II) Language points 1. He never spoke of the things close to his heart. (para 2) -- He never spoke of the things he was deeply concerned about. 2. He would think it wrong for me to try to clothe in words my private feelings. (para 2) He would think it wrong for me to make efforts to express my inner fond feelings for him by saying them out. Text two: (II) Language points

3. Not for mum, a veil of silence over the dead.(para 3) Mum did not avoid speaking out her life with dad. 4. The conspiracy of silence that so many relations adopt about the dead doesn’t help.(para 3) Many relations have agreed not to mention dad in front of mum, but it does not stop mum talking about him. Text two: (II) Language points

5. She didn’t keep on about “If only I’d done this or done that.” (para 3) She didn’t keep saying that she should have done this or done that. 6. Mum resented that she was incidental in our lives, with dad she had been the only one.(para 4) Mum felt angry about being unimportant in our lives, in dad’s life, she was the only person enjoying his attention. Text two: (II) Language points