1 Pertemuan 11 Sistem Informasi Manajemen Matakuliah: M0084/Sistem Informasi dalam Manajemen Tahun: 2005 Versi: 1/1

2 Learning Outcomes Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa akan mampu : Mahasiswa dapat Menerangkan konsep- konsep SIM (C2)

3 Outline Materi Pengertian SIM Konsep Subsistem Informasi Organisasi Report Writing Software Model Matematika Simulasi Contoh Pembuatan Model Output Grafis

MIS Definition n A computer-based system that makes information available to users with similar needs. –Users are typically comprise a formal organizational entity –Describes what has happened in the past 12-4

Early MIS Efforts n Popular in business by the mid 1960s n Punched card and keydriven machines were used only for data processing n The first computers were applied the same way n Only a few computer literate people in the firms n Managers became aware of computer’s processes and power 12-5

MIS is an Organizational Resource n Information –Past, present, future –Periodic reports, special reports, simulations n Similar needs –Functional area –Management level –Managers and nonmanagers 12-6

An MIS Model n Database –AIS data and information –Environmental data and information n Interorganizational information systems (IOS) –Firms band together with other organizations such as suppliers 12-7

EnvironmentOrganizationalproblemsolvers Report writing software Mathematicalmodels ManagementInformationSystem An MIS Model Data Information Environment Database 12-8

Executive Information System (EIS) Organizational Information Systems Marketing information system Manufacturing information system Financial information system Human resource information system 12-9

Functional Information Systems n MIS tailored to meet users’ needs for information concerning functional areas –Manufacturing –HRIS –Others n Executive information systems (EIS) n Enterprise information system –Pulls functional ISs together –Enterprise resource planning (ERP)

Report Writing Software n Periodic and special reports may look the same n Difference is in what triggers the report –Periodic report »Produced on a schedule –Special report »Produced when something out of the ordinary occurs 12-11

Incorporating Management by Exception n Prepare the report only when exceptions occur n Use the report sequence to highlight exceptions n Group exceptions together n Show the variance from the norm 12-12

An Overtime Earnings Report OVERTIME EARNINGS REPORT FOR WEEK ENDING AUGUST 19 OVERTIME EARNINGS Department No. Department Name Current Month Year-to-Date Receiving $ 2, $ 5, Inspection $ 1, $ 4, Materials Handling $ 3, $12, Tooling $ $ 1, Assembly $ 0.00 $ Plating $ 3, $12, Shipping $ 5, $18, TOTALS $15, $55,

SALES BY PRODUCT FOR THE MONTH OF JUNE PRODUCT PRODUCT CURRENT MONTH YEAR-TO-DATE NUMBER NAME SALES SALES GASKET CENTER CASE $ 5, $ 31, MAINSHAFT 4, , ST MOTION SHAFT 1, , OIL SEAL REAR 11, , LAYGEAR 8, , HUB 5TH.00 13, SHIFT FORK , SYNCHRO RING 2ND 2, , BUSH SHIFT LEVER OIL SLINGER

AGED ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE REPORT AS OF MAY CUSTOMER CURRENT OVER 90 TOTAL NUMBER NAME AMOUNT DAYS DAYS DAYS AMOUNT KELLY & MARLEY INC 1, KENNEDY ELECTRIC KENYON MACHINERY KEPNER DANA CO KERITE CO KEYMAN ASSOCIATES KIMBULIANS KIRSCH CO LEBEN DRILLING LEEMONT INC

SALES BY SALESPERSON REPORT FOR THE MONTH ENDING MARCH 31 SALESPERSON CURRENT-MONTH YEAR-TO-DATE NO. NAME QUOTA ACTUAL VARIANCE QUOTA ACTUAL VARIANCE 0120 JOHN NELSON LYNN SHERRY DARVIN UPSHAW JANIE EVANS TRAVIS BURKE CATHY HAGER STEVE JENNER SAM MOSELY TOTALS

Modeling n Models are abstractions n Models may be: –Physical –Narrative –Graphic –Mathematical 12-17

Mathematical Modeling n Most important to MIS users n Three dimensions –Influence of time –Degree of uncertainty –Ability to optimize 12-18

Mathematical Model Types n Static –Does not include time –Like a snapshot n Dynamic –Includes time –Like a motion picture 12-19

Mathematical Model Types (cont.) n Probabilistic –Includes probabilities of events occuring –0.00 to 1.00 n Deterministic –Events are certain –Not random 12-20

Mathematical Model Types (cont.) n Optimizing –Selects best solution –Requires structured problems n Suboptimizing –Also called satisficing –Model identifies outcomes for manager to select among 12-21

Simulation n Use of a model is called simulation n Scenario –Conditions that influence the simulation –Scenario data elements n Decision variables –Input values n Output format varies 12-22

Simulation (cont.) n Simulation Technique –Single scenario for optimizing model –What-if game for suboptimizing models –Change only single decision variable per run –Systematically discover answers to problems n Output format –Include both decision variables and outcomes on same report 12-23

Modeling Example n Use model to simulate the effect of: –Price of product –Amount of plant investment necessary to provide sufficient capacity –Amount to invest in marketing activity –Amount to invest in R & D n Enter model input n Review model outputs 12-24

More on Modeling n Advantages –Can be a learning experience –Speed allows consideration of more options –Provides predictive power –Less expensive than trial-and-error method n Disadvantages –Difficult to model a business system –High degree of mathematical skills required 12-25

INVENTORY PLANNING MODEL OCTOBER 11 SCENARIO: BEGINNING BALANCE: 200 DAILY SALES UNITS: 20 DECISIONS: 0RDER QUANTITY: 100 REORDER POINT: 175 LEAD TIME: 3 RESULTS: BEGINNING ENDING ORDER RECEIPT DAY BALANCE RECEIPTS SALES BALANCE QUANTITY DUE DATE

Graphic Output n Use graphics to –present a quick summary –detect trends over time –forecast activities –seek relatively simple impressions from a large volume of data 12-27

Graphical Output n Reports and model outputs can be produced in tabular or graphical form n Spreadsheets have encouraged the use of graphics n Can improve decision making capability 12-28

29 End of Session 11