American Studies I CP Chapter 11 Section 4
Grant takes control 1864 Confederate had a plan Hold on and keep the Union out of Richmond There was going to be an election in November If we can subsist… we may have peace
Battle of the Wilderness Grant on his way to Richmond Union 115,000 troops Confederates 64,000 Grant knew that Lee would have to fight!
Three major battles May 5 2 days Battle of the Wilderness (about the same spot as Chancellorsville the year before) Heavy woods Fire and smoke and some friendly fire Confederate General Longstreet is killed, 3 miles from where Jackson was shot
May 8th Spotsylvania Series of clashes for two weeks Heaviest fighting took place on May 12 High union loss of life.. Grant told Lincoln that I propose to fight out on this line if it takes all summer.
Battle of Cold Harbor 8 miles from Richmond 7,000 Union troops fall
The Siege of Petersburg Unable to defeat Lee he attacks Petersburg a railway center Cuts off food to Richmond Attack failed
In less than two months Grant’s army had suffered 65,000 casualties
June Siege of Petersburg Lee sets up his defenses Lee hadn’t lost as many men, but he can’t replace them. He will wait for election *** note the North had allowed all black units ***
Shenandoah Valley Grant knew it was important source of food Told General Phil Sheridan “Do all the damage to railroads and crops you can… if the war is to last another year, we want the Shenandoah Valley to be a barren waste land”
Sherman in Georgia The Capture of Atlanta Confederate commander Joseph Johnston He would try to hold out for the presidential election July 1864 the union in just 4 miles away Johnston is replaced by Hood Hood attacks and gives the 98,000 Union troops what they wanted
Confederates retreat 62,00 remaining forces are reduced to 45,000 and they retreat back to the strong defenses of Atlanta
Siege of Atlanta In early September the Confederates leave and burn city
Sherman Marches to the Sea War is cruel The crueler it is, the sooner it will be over! November 1864 and 62,000 Union troops Burned Atlanta and march to the sea to cut a 300 mile long path of destruction across Georgia. Savannah is captured without a fight Dec 21, 1864
Election of 1864 Lincoln and Andrew Johnston WIN! ****different views on post war****
Thirteenth Amendment December 18, 1865
Sherman goes North South Carolina Cut off supplies First state to leave union Had little fighting Break the south Houses were burned…. Columbia was burned….
Richmond April ,000 starving troops Lee tried to flee and met up with Johnston Grant cuts them off each time
Appomottox Court House April 9, 1865 Lee meets with Grant Lee in full dress uniform and Grant in a private’s uniform
Terms… Southern soldiers could take their horses and mules and go home Would not be punished as traitors as long as they obeyed the laws of their state and federal government Grant offered to feed the Confederate army
After the two men sign Soldiers began to fire artillery salutes Grant orders the celebration stopped The rebels are our countrymen again
Lincoln Assassinated April 14, 1865 Ford’s Theater John Wilkes Booth
Section 4 Assessment #1 What did the Battle of the Wilderness reveal about Grant’s strategy?
#2 What happened at the Battle of Spotsylvania and the Battle of Cold Harbor
#3 What had the South hoped for in the election of 1864? Why did the election turn out differently? McClellan vs. Lincoln
#4 What was the Thirteenth Amendment accomplish
#5 Who was John Wilkes Booth?