DEVELOPMENT OF GIS APPLICATION – INDIA EXPERIENCE C. CHAKRAVORTY Office of the Registrar General, India New Delhi UNEGM on Census Mapping New York : 30th May 2007

2 Contents o Indian Census – Brief background o Rural – Urban frame for census o GIS database design o Using digital geographic database for dissemination o Development of GIS application  CensusInfo India  Punjab GIS  Internet Census GIS India

3 Indian Census – Brief background o First synchronous census held in 1881 o Census 2001 was the 14 th in this uninterrupted series o Adopted extended de-facto method (or enumerating persons normally residing in the household during the enumeration period) o Census held in two phases: House-listing Operations … (April to June 2000) Population Enumeration … (9th to 28th February 2001)

4 Indian Census – Brief background o Unit of enumeration in Census is the Enumeration Block (EB) allotted to an Enumerator o Curved out on the basis of population size, an EB comprises of about 120 – 150 households or about 500 to 750 persons o 2 million Enumerators were deployed for 2001 Census. Mostly primary school teachers.

5 Preparing Rural – Urban Frame o Before census, a complete list of administrative units (e.g., state, district, sub-district, towns and villages) is finalized to ensure full coverage o To achieve this, instructions are issued before census to ban creation of new administration units o This allows finalizing list of villages and towns and prepare the frame for census.

6 Administrative Hierarchy Country State (35) District (593) Sub-district (5,463)C D Block (6,406) Town (5,161)Village (0.6 million) Ward

Census Coding Scheme o Unique code is allotted to each state, district, sub-district, town, village and EB o State/UT ….2 digits (within the country) o District ….2 digits (within the state /UT) o Sub-district …. 4 digits (within the district) o Village ….8 digits (within the state/ UT ) o Town ….8 digits (within the district)

8 Coding Scheme oPermanent Location Code Number (PLCN) assigned to each and every village in the country for the first time in 2001 Census oPLCNs would remain unchanged in future censuses oPLCNs are unique within the state oPLCN would allow easy:  Updating village list  Recasting in case of re-organization  Time series analysis.

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10 GIS Database Design o GIS introduced in Indian Census in 1992 o Such software, as, ArcInfo, ArcView and ArcGIS have been extensively used o About 60 skilled professionals are engaged in GIS related work in 17 centres located in different parts of the country. Integration of GIS technology in Census Mapping

11 GIS Database Design o Maps showing jurisdictional boundaries are updated by incorporating changes before every census and used for pre- census work o This work takes about three years to complete. Pre-Census mapping

12 Updating the maps INDIA (States/UTs) INDIA (Districts) State/UT (Districts) -35 DISTRICT-593 (Sub districts) SUB-DISTRICT- 5,463 (Village) WARDS (Charge) TOWNS-5,161 (Wards)

13 India Newly Created States During

14 India New Districts During

15 Tamil Nadu Chennai- New Areas During

16 GIS Database Design o India: Showing States/Union Territories o India: Showing Districts o India: Showing Sub-Districts o States: Showing Sub-Districts o District: Showing Sub-Districts o Sub-District: Showing Village locations or Village boundaries o District: Showing Village locations or Village boundaries Stored as separate layers

17 Post Census Mapping o After the census various types of thematic maps portraying census and house listing data are prepared at country, state, district, sub- district level o These maps are used in checking the quality of census data before publishing the results by comparing 1991 and 2001 Census data o Extensive use of maps have been made using PowerPoint presentations while sensitizing the data users with the 2001 Census results.

18 Post Census Mapping o Census Atlas - National Volume o Population Atlas - National Volume o Census Atlases of each State and Union Territory o District Census Hand Book maps o Tribal Atlas of India. o Administrative Atlas of India o Administrative Atlases of States and Union territories o Language Atlas of India o Housing Atlas of India o Map Profile 2001 – India, State and Union Territories o Preparation of 593 District maps of the country showing villages List of Publications:

19 Child Sex Ratio in Age Group 0-6 (India by Districts) The 1991 Census was not held in J & k

Households Using Electricity for Lighting ( ) (India by States)

21 Female Literacy Rate ( ) (India by Districts)

22 Digital Database for Dissemination o Indian Census has been a major supplier of map products in the country – both in print form and in digital form. o With revision in policy it has now become possible to disseminate digital database o Users could be categorized into three groups:  Users who want to procure geographic database for developing their own applications  Users who would like to use a pre-packaged database product developed by the Census Organisation and  Users who would like to view thematic maps in the form of static pages

23 Digital Database for Dissemination o Census Organisation meets the need of all the three category of users o Digital database are procured by large business houses, software developers for preparing GIS applications for use o Census Organisation releases pre-packaged GIS products on selected census themes, which allow certain degree of interactivity both in CD as well on the Internet o Static thematic maps are also disseminated in print and also made available on the census website.

24 Development of GIS Applications o Before any GIS application is developed, it is important to keep in mind the target users and their need o Too much information should not be packed in one application o Care should be taken to make the application focused and user-friendly o Need for development would usually arise by regular interactions with the data users over a period of time.

25 GIS Applications developed by Census o CensusInfo India (on CD) o Census GIS Punjab (on CD and Internet) o Census GIS India (on Internet)

26 Development of CensusInfo India o First application developed by Census o Based on ChildInfo software developed by UNICEF o CensusInfo India allows generation of maps up to sub-district level o Steps involved include:  Finalizing geographic database  Finalizing attribute database  Integration of the two using GIS software

27 Development of CensusInfo India o CensusInfo allows extraction of data in the form of tables, drawing graphs and charts and generating thematic maps o CensusInfo covered the following subjects:  Demographic  Economic  Education  Housing  Amenities available  Assets available

28 CensusInfo India Home Page

29 Gender Gap in Literacy India by Districts 2001 Census Prepared by using CensusInfo India

30 Households Owning Television North Eastern India by Sub-districts Prepared by using CensusInfo India

31 Development of Census GIS Punjab o Objective of developing Census GIS Punjab module was to empower District Administration to identify less developed regions to allow directing resources to these areas for development o The module allows generating thematic maps:  At village level  Search based on a simple and even complex query  Presenting resultant outputs in MS Word and MS Excel format.

32 Census GIS India – Punjab Home Page

33 Development of Census GIS Punjab Data Content: o On housing, household amenities and assets up to village level o On population, number of literates and literacy rates, type and category of workers, etc. up to village level o On amenities and infrastructural facilities available in villages

34 Development of Census GIS Punjab Preparation: o Data content finalized as per given format o Geographic digital databases of Punjab by districts, sub-districts and villages given to software developer o Software developer integrated the two and produced the module for dissemination on CD o Selection of suitable software for producing GIS application is difficult.

35 Census GIS Punjab Template

36 Proportion of Agricultural Labourers – Fatehgarh Sahib District : Punjab

37 Low Child Sex Ratio ( Less than 750 females per thousand males) in three Punjab Districts AmritsarKapurthala Firozepur

38 Census GIS India on Internet Features: o Extends the facility of preparing thematic maps on Census subjects on the web o Large variety of data made available o Maps up to Sub-district level o Absolutely free o Output maps generated by the users could be used in reports and presentations.

39 Census GIS India on Internet Data Content: o Population o Houses, household amenities and assets o Religion o Age and marital status o Economic status o Disability o Literacy and education

40 Census GIS on Internet Home Page

41 Census GIS India on Internet Template

42 Poor Literacy Rate (Less than 50%)

43 Demonstration o CensusInfo India o Census GIS Punjab

44 …. Thank you