Islamic Principles in the Management of an Organization: A Focus on Leading Presented by Dr. Muhammad A. Al-Buraey Director Center for Economics & Management Systems Research Institute King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals

Leadership Overview What is Leadership Western Models of Leadership Current Trends in Leadership Power and Leadership Islamic Perspective of Leadership Traits Reference from Surat An-Naml (27) Characteristics for Effective Leadership Posner and Kouzes Model

Islamic Perspective of Leadership Traits Reference from Surat An- Naml (27) Knowledge Maintaining the Organizational Structure Controlling Research & Development Communication Staffing Through Self-Evaluation Delegation

Knowledge Verse 15 الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي فَضَّلَنَا عَلَى كَثِيرٍ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَلَقَدْ آتَيْنَا دَاوُودَ وَسُلَيْمَانَ عِلْمًا وَقَالاَ We gave (in the past) knowledge to David and Solomon: And they both said: "Praise be to God, Who has favored us above many of his servants who believe!"

Knowledge Verse 16 الْفَضْلُ عُلِّمْنَا مَنطِقَ الطَّيْرِ وَأُوتِينَا مِنْ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ إِنَّ هَذَا لَهُوَ وَوَرِثَ سُلَيْمَانُ دَاوُودَ وَقَالَ يَاأَيُّهَا النَّاسُ الْمُبِينُ And Solomon was David's heir. He said: "O ye people! We have been taught the speech of birds, and on us has been bestowed (a little) of all things: this is indeed Grace manifest (from God.)"

Maintaining the Organizational Structure Verse 17 وَالطَّيْرِ فَهُمْ يُوزَعُونَ وَحُشِرَ لِسُلَيْمَانَ جُنُودُهُ مِنْ الْجِنِّ وَالإِنْسِ And before Solomon were marshaled his hosts,- of Jinns and men and birds, and they were all kept in order and ranks.

18 سُلَيْمَانُ وَجُنُودُهُ وَهُمْ نَمْلَةٌ يَاأَيُّهَا النَّمْلُ ادْخُلُوا مَسَاكِنَكُمْ لاَ يَحْطِمَنَّكُمْ حَتَّى إِذَا أَتَوْا عَلَى وَادِي النَّمْلِ قَالَتْ لاَ يَشْعُرُونَ At length, when they came to a (lowly) valley of ants, one of the ants said: "O ye ants, get into your habitations, lest Solomon and his hosts crush you (under foot) without knowing it."

19 وَالِدَيَّ وَأَنْ أَعْمَلَ أَوْزِعْنِي أَنْ أَشْكُرَ نِعْمَتَكَ الَّتِي أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيَّ وَعَلَى فَتَبَسَّمَ ضَاحِكًا مِنْ قَوْلِهَا وَقَالَ رَبِّ عِبَادِكَ الصَّالِحِينَ صَالِحًا تَرْضَاهُ وَأَدْخِلْنِي بِرَحْمَتِكَ فِي So he smiled, amused at her speech; and he said: "O my Lord! so order me that I may be grateful for Thy favors, which thou hast bestowed on me and on my parents, and that I may work the righteousness that will please Thee: And admit me, by Thy Grace, to the ranks of Thy righteous Servants."

Controlling Verse 20 الْهُدْهُدَ أَمْ كَانَ مِنْ الْغَائِبِينَ وَتَفَقَّدَ الطَّيْرَ فَقَالَ مَا لِي لاَ أَرَى And he took a muster of the Birds; and he said: "Why is it I see not the Hoopoe? Or is he among the absentees?

Controlling Verse 21 أَوْ لَيَأْتِيَنِي بِسُلْطَانٍ مُبِينٍلَأُعَذِّبَنَّهُ عَذَابًا شَدِيدًا أَوْ لَأَذْبَحَنَّهُ "I will certainly punish him with a severe penalty, or execute him, unless he bring me a clear reason (for absence)."

Research & Development Verse 22 بِهِ وَجِئْتُكَ مِنْ سَبَإٍ بِنَبَإٍ يَقِينٍ فَمَكَثَ غَيْرَ بَعِيدٍ فَقَالَ أَحَطتُ بِمَا لَمْ تُحِطْ But the Hoopoe tarried not far: he (came up and) said: "I have compassed (territory) which thou hast not compassed, and I have come to thee from Saba with tidings true.

Communication Verse 23 إِنِّي وَجَدتُّ امْرَأَةً تَمْلِكُهُمْ وَأُوتِيَتْ مِنْ ٌ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَلَهَا عَرْشٌ عَظِيم "I found (there) a woman ruling over them and provided with every requisite; and she has a magnificent throne.

Communication Verse 24 فَهُمْ لاَاللَّهِ وَزَيَّنَ لَهُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ أَعْمَالَهُمْ فَصَدَّهُمْ عَنْ السَّبِيل وَجَدْتُهَا وَقَوْمَهَا يَسْجُدُونَ لِلشَّمْسِ مِنْ دُونِ ِ يَهْتَدُونَ "I found her and her people worshipping the sun besides God: Satan has made their deeds seem pleasing in their eyes, and has kept them away from the Path,- so they receive no guidance,-

Communication Verse 25 السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأَرْضِ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا تُخْفُونَ وَمَا تُعْلِنُونَ أَلاَّ يَسْجُدُوا لِلَّهِ الَّذِي يُخْرِجُ الْخَبْءَ فِي "(Kept them away from the Path), that they should not worship God, Who brings to light what is hidden in the heavens and the earth, and knows what ye hide and what ye reveal.

Communication Verse 26 اللَّهُ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ رَبُّ الْعَرْشِ الْعَظِيمِ "God!- there is no god but He!- Lord of the Throne Supreme!"

Communication Verse 27 قَالَ سَنَنظُرُ أَصَدَقْتَ أَمْ كُنتَ مِنْ الْكَاذِبِينَ (Solomon) said: "Soon shall we see whether thou hast told the truth or lied!

Communication Verse 28 اذْهَب بِكِتَابِي هَذَا فَأَلْقِهِ إِلَيْهِمْ ثُمَّ َ تَوَلَّ عَنْهُمْ فَانظُرْ مَاذَا يَرْجِعُون "Go thou, with this letter of mine, and deliver it to them: then draw back from them, and (wait to) see what answer they return"...

Communication Verse 29 قَالَتْ يَا أَيُّهَا المَلَأُ إِنِّي أُلْقِيَ إِلَيَّ كِتَابٌ كَرِيمٌ (The queen) said: "Ye chiefs! here is delivered to me - a letter worthy of respect.

Communication Verse 30 إِنَّهُ مِنْ سُلَيْمَانَ وَإِنَّهُ بِاِسْمِ اللَّهِِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيم "It is from Solomon, and is (as follows): 'In the name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful:

Communication Verse 31 أَلاَّ تَعْلُوا عَلَيَّ وَأْتُونِي مُسْلِمِينَ "'Be ye not arrogant against me, but come to me in submission (to the true Religion).'"

Communication Verse 32 قَالَتْ يَاأَيُّهَا المَلَأُ أَفْتُونِي فِي أَمْرِي مَاِ كُنتُ قَاطِعَةً أَمْرًا حَتَّى تَشْهَدُون She said: "Ye chiefs! advise me in (this) my affair: no affair have I decided except in your presence."

Communication Verse 33 وَالأَمْرُ إِلَيْكِ فَانظُرِي مَاذَ تَأْمُرِين قَالُوا نَحْنُ أُوْلُوا قُوَّةٍ وَأُولُوا بَأْسٍ شَدِيدٍ They said: "We are endued with strength, and given to vehement war: but the command is with thee; so consider what thou wilt command."

Communication Verse 34 أَفْسَدُوهَا وَجَعَلُوا أَعِزَّةَ أَهْلِهَا أَذِلَّةً وَكَذَلِكَ يَفْعَلُونَ قَالَتْ إِنَّ الْمُلُوكَ إِذَا دَخَلُوا قَرْيَةً She said: "Kings, when they enter a country, despoil it, and make the noblest of its people its meanest thus do they behave.

Communication Verse 35 بِمَ يَرْجِعُ الْمُرْسَلُونَ وَإِنِّي مُرْسِلَةٌ إِلَيْهِمْ بِهَدِيَّةٍ فَنَاظِرَةٌ "But I am going to send him a present, and (wait) to see with what (answer) return (my) ambassadors."

Communication Verse 36 فَمَا آتَانِيَ اللَّهُ خَيْرٌ مِمَّا آتَاكُمْ بَلْ أَنْتُمْ بِهَدِيَّتِكُمْ تَفْرَحُونَ فَلَمَّا جَاءَ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ أَتُمِدُّونَنِ بِمَالٍ Now when (the embassy) came to Solomon, he said: "Will ye give me abundance in wealth? But that which God has given me is better than that which He has given you! Nay it is ye who rejoice in your gift!

Communication Verse 37 قِبَلَ لَهُمْ بِهَا وَلَنُخْرِجَنَّهُمْ مِنْهَا أَذِلَّةً وَهُمْ صَاغِرُونَ ارْجِعْ إِلَيْهِمْ فَلَنَأْتِيَنَّهُمْ بِجُنُودٍ لاَ "Go back to them, and be sure we shall come to them with such hosts as they will never be able to meet: We shall expel them from there in disgrace, and they will feel humbled (indeed)."

Staffing Through Self-Evaluation Verse 38 بِعَرْشِهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْتُونِي مُسْلِمِينَ قَالَ يَاأَيُّهَا المَلَأُ أَيُّكُمْ يَأْتِينِي He said (to his own men): "Ye chiefs! which of you can bring me her throne before they come to me in submission?"

Staffing Through Self-Evaluation Verse 39 تَقُومَ مِنْ مَقَامِكَ وَإِنِّي عَلَيْهِ لَقَوِيٌّ أَمِينٌ قَالَ عِفْريتٌ مِنْ الْجِنِّ أَنَا آتِيكَ بِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ Said an 'Ifrit, of the Jinns: "I will bring it to thee before thou rise from thy council: indeed I have full strength for the purpose, and may be trusted."

Staffing Through Self-Evaluation Verse 40 بِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَرْتَدَّ إِلَيْكَ طَرْفُكَ فَلَمَّا رَآهُ مُسْتَقِرًّا عِنْدَهُ قَالَ هَذَا مِنْ قَالَ الَّذِي عِنْدَهُ عِلْمٌ مِنْ الْكِتَابِ أَنَا آتِيكَ وَمَنْ شَكَرَ فَإِنَّمَا يَشْكُرُ لِنَفْسِهِ وَمَنْ كَفَرَ فَإِنَّ رَبِّي غَنِيٌّ كَرِيمٌ فَضْلِ رَبِّي لِيَبْلُوَنِي أَأَشْكُرُ أَمْ أَكْفُرُ

Staffing Through Self-Evaluation Verse 40 Continued… Said one who had knowledge of the Book: "I will bring it to thee within the twinkling of an eye!" Then when (Solomon) saw it placed firmly before him, he said: "This is by the Grace of my Lord!- to test me whether I am grateful or ungrateful! and if any is grateful, truly his gratitude is (a gain) for his own soul; but if any is ungrateful, truly my Lord is Free of all Needs, Supreme in Honor !"

Delegation Verse 41 قَالَ نَكِّرُوا لَهَا عَرْشَهَا نَنظُرْ أَتَهْتَدِي أَمْ تَكُونُ مِنْ الَّذِينَ لاَ يَهْتَدُونَ He said: "Transform her throne out of all recognition by her: let us see whether she is guided (to the truth) or is one of those who receive no guidance."

Delegation Verse 42 كَأَنَّهُ هُوَ وَأُوتِينَا الْعِلْمَ مِنْ قَبْلِهَا وَكُنَّا مُسْلِمِينَ فَلَمَّا جَاءَتْ قِيلَ أَهَكَذَا عَرْشُكِ قَالَتْ So when she arrived, she was asked, "Is this thy throne?" She said, "It was just like this; and knowledge was bestowed on us in advance of this, and we have submitted to God (in Islam)."

Delegation Verse 43 وَصَدَّهَا مَا كَانَتْ تَعْبُدُ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ إِنَّهَا كَانَتْ مِنْ قَوْمٍ كَافِرِينَ And he diverted her from the worship of others besides God: for she was (sprung) of a people that had no faith.

Delegation Verse 44 حَسِبَتْهُ لُجَّةً وَكَشَفَتْ عَنْ سَاقَيْهَا قَالَ إِنَّهُ صَرْحٌ مُمَرَّدٌ مِنْ قَوَارِيرَ قَالَتْ سُلَيْمَانَ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ قِيلَ لَهَا ادْخُلِي الصَّرْحَ فَلَمَّا رَأَتْهُ رَبِّ إِنِّي ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِي وَأَسْلَمْتُ مَعَ

Delegation Verse 44 Continued… She was asked to enter the lofty Palace: but when she saw it, she thought it was a lake of water, and she (tucked up her skirts), uncovering her legs. He said: "This is but a palace paved smooth with slabs of glass." She said: "O my Lord! I have indeed wronged my soul: I do (now) submit (in Islam), with Solomon, to the Lord of the Worlds."

Characteristics for Effective Leadership Strength of Character Role Model Equality and Impartiality Kindness and Magnanimity Integrity

Characteristics for Effective Leadership Guidance Consultation Unselfishness Competence Intelligence and Wisdom

Posner and Kouzes Model Step 1.Challenging the Process Step 2.Inspiring a Shared Vision Step 3.Enabling Others to Act Step 4.Modeling the Way Step 5.Encouraging the Heart