FIZIKA Nuclear radiation. FIZIKA 2 Radioactivity Dr. Seres István Helium nucleus: 2 proton + 2 neutron Components of the nucleus:

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Chapter 22 – Nuclear Chemistry

Advertisements

For the Boy Scouts of America by The Pennsylvania State University, American Nuclear Society Student Section Spring 2005 Nuclear Science Merit Badge Workshop.

xxx xxxxxx xxx xxx.

7: Atomic and Nuclear Physics 7.3 Nuclear reactions, fission and fusion.

My Chapter 29 Lecture.

Nuclear Chemistry Bravo – 15,000 kilotons. CA Standards.

19.1Nuclear Stability and Radioactive Decay 19.2 The Kinetics of Radioactive Decay 19.3 Nuclear Transformations 19.4Detection and Uses of Radioactivity.

Half Lifes. Atoms Proton Electron Cloud Neutron Atomic Number Number of protons – change this → change the element Hydrogen has one proton and one electron.

Nuclear Physics Properties of Nuclei Binding Energy Radioactivity.

Nuclear Physics: Radiation, Radioactivity & its Applications.

2 - 1 CH 104 Chapter 3: Nuclear Chemistry Radioactivity Nuclear Equations Radiation Detection Half-Life Medical Applications Fission & Fusion.

Chapter 9: Nuclear Chemistry

Noadswood Science, Effects Of Alpha, Beta & Gamma Radiation On The Atom To understand the effect of alpha, beta and gamma radiation on the atom.

Nuclear Physics E = mc 2. Outline Theory of Special Relativity Postulates E = mc 2 The Atom What makes up the atom? What holds the atom together? Quantum.

Radioactive Decay Radioactive Decay. Radioactive Decay: Some unstable atoms try to regain stability by losing energy. They lose energy by emitting radiation.

Nuclear Chemistry Reactions and properties of nucleus M p n Mass number (number of nucleons) nuclide : nuclear species Isotopes : nuclides of same chemical.

Radioactivity Atoms can be thought to be made up of 3 particles Click here for web work.

Radiation Objectives Understand the concepts of ½ life and ½ thickness in radiation Differentiate between fusion and fission Describe the processes involved.

BASIC PRINCIPLES IN OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE Day IONIZING RADIATION.

Average Atomic Mass What is average atomic mass?

1 Nuclear Radiation Natural Radioactivity A person working with radioisotopes wears protective clothing and gloves and stands behind a shield.

Higher Physics – Unit 3 3.5Dosimetry and Safety. Activity of Radiation The activity of a radioactive source is the average number of nuclei decaying per.

1 Introduction to Radiation and Radioactivity Is your notebook radioactive? –Of course. Many of the elements found in everyday items include radioactive.

Topic : Nuclear Physics

Atom and Nucleus. Radioactivity. Nuclear Energy.

Fundamentals of Radiation

Nuclear Chemistry Introduction Isotopes

Houghton Mifflin Company and G. Hall. All rights reserved. 1 The Nucleus Now, we take a look at the nucleus where the protons and neutrons reside. Breaking.

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Fourth Edition Karen Timberlake 4.3 Radiation Measurement Chapter 4 Nuclear Chemistry © 2013 Pearson Education,

Dr. Bill Pezzaglia Nuclear Physics Updated: 2010May17 Modern Physics Series 1 INCOMPLETE DRAFT.

Topic – Physics 2a Mass defect and binding energy Prior learning Atomic structure Electrical forces Key words –Atomic nucleus,mass difference, mass of.

NUCLEAR CHANGES CHAPTER 7

Nuclear Chemistry.

What is it to be Radioactive? Radioactive decay is the process in which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation in the form of particles.

THE NUCLEUS: A CHEMIST’S VIEW. Nuclear Symbols Element symbol Mass number, A (p + + n o ) Atomic number, Z (number of p + )

Chapter 9 Nuclear Radiation

The Nucleus of the Atom Chapter 12 Great Idea: Nuclear energy depends on the conversion of mass into energy.

Lecture 26 Atomic Structure and Radioactivity Chapter 29.1  29.4 Outline Properties of the Atomic Nucleus Binding Energy Radioactivity and Radioactive.

Radioactive Decay Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Decay. Radioactivity Emission of particles and energy from the nucleus of certain atoms This happens through.

Radioactivity Chapter 4: Section 1.

Section 1Nuclear Changes Section 1: What is Radioactivity?

NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY © Copyright R.J. Rusay Dr. Ron Rusay Chem 106 Spring 2004.

Ch. 25 Nuclear Changes Begins on p. 35 of your PACKET.

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 9 Nuclear.

Chapter 5: Nuclear Chemistry

Nuclear Energy and the Environment

Page 1 12/25/2015 SCE 4350: Nuclear Science Nuclear Science Major Points of the Lesson: The Nucleus –Nucleons (A) = Protons (Z) + Neutrons (N) –Number.

Nuclear Physics Nuclei atomic number Z = protons

Physics 11 S.Coghlan This concept map is designed to help you; Understand how the various different parts of nuclear technology link together. Study.

Nuclear Chemistry Unit 10. Radioactivity The spontaneous emission of radiation by an unstable atomic nucleus. Discovery Henri Becquerel-1896 Worked with.

Chapter 10 Nuclear Chemistry.

DE Chemistry – King William High School.  Radiation – small particles of energy that are spontaneously emitted from unstable nuclei that is radioactive.

2 - 1 CH 104 Chapter 13: Nuclear Chemistry Radioactivity Nuclear Equations Radiation Detection Half-Life Medical Applications Radiometric Dating Fission.

1 Clip. 1. Differentiate among alpha and beta particles and gamma radiation. 2. Differentiate between fission and fusion. 3. Explain the process half-life.

P2 7.1 Nuclear reactions Some atoms have an unstable nucleus and need to get to a lower energy state. It can become stable by emitting Alpha, Beta or.

Mass-Energy Equivalence All matter is a form of stored energy.

Nuclear Reactions. Nuclear Symbols Element symbol Mass number (p + + n o ) Atomic number (number of p + )

Putting radiation to use This is a product of Mr Essex a member of the science department of Dartford Technology College.

Ch. 4 Nuclei and radioactivity The atomic hypothesis Mass concentrated in tiny nucleus with electrons around it Atom 10 –10 m, nucleus is 10 –15 m Nucleus.

Rutherford’s gold foil experimentsimulation Beam of alpha particles Fluorescent screen Thin gold foil.

Higher Physics Radiation Dosimetry.

Integrated Science Mr. Danckers Chapter 10.

SACE Stage 2 Physics The Structure of the Nucleus.

Nuclear Fission and Fusion. Nuclear Reactions Nuclear reactions deal with interactions between the nuclei of atoms Both fission and fusion processes deal.

Dosimetry & Safety. Activity The term 'Activity' of a source describes the (in)stability of the atoms within a substance. One atom decaying per second.

Chapter 9 – Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions

Chapter 9 Nuclear Radiation

Knowledge Organiser – Atomic Structure

Presentation transcript:

FIZIKA Nuclear radiation

FIZIKA 2 Radioactivity Dr. Seres István Helium nucleus: 2 proton + 2 neutron Components of the nucleus:

FIZIKA 3 Radioactivity Dr. Seres István Components of the nucleus: Isotopes: same atomic number, dfferent mass number Eg. hydrogen isotopes: - normal hydrogen isotope - deuterium - tricium Eg. carbon: stabil isotope, radioactive isotope Eg. uranium:, radioactive isotopes

FIZIKA 4 Radioactivity Dr. Seres István Helium nucleus (  particle): 2 protons + 2 neutrons Mass - defects: m  = 6,6447· kg, m p = 1,6727· kg, m n = 1,6749· kg, Nuclear binding energy

FIZIKA 5 Radioactivity Dr. Seres István Mass-defect: Einstein principle on matter and energy: Binding energy:  = mc 2 = -5· ·(3·10 8 ) 2  = 4,5· J = 2,8·10 7 eV = 28 MeV· (1 eV = 1,6· J) The mass is converted to energy = -5· kg Nuclear binding energy

FIZIKA 6 Radioactivity Dr. Seres István Nuclear physics Nuclear binding energy: Specific binding energy :

FIZIKA 7 Radioactivity Dr. Seres István Nuclear physics Radioactive decay, fission fusion Specific binding energy (MeV) Mass number (A)

FIZIKA 8 Radioactivity Dr. Seres István Radioactive decay Law of radioactivity N N0N0 N 0 /2 T 2T N 0 /4 T – half period

FIZIKA 9 Radioactivity Dr. Seres István Radioactivity Radiocarbon dating (C 14 ) Examination of metabolism of plants, animals Pharaos, Shroud of Turin

FIZIKA 10 Radioactivity Dr. Seres István Aktivity Number of radioactive decay per seconds. SI Unit Bq (Becquerel).

FIZIKA 11 Radioactivity Dr. Seres István Dozimetry  Absorbed dose: (D) (the absorbed radiative energy by a unit mass) SI unit Gray =J/kg

FIZIKA 12 Radioactivity Dr. Seres István  alfa radiation (helium nucleus)  beta radiation (electron / pozitron)  gamma radiation (elektromagnetic)

FIZIKA 13 Radioactivity Dr. Seres István Dozimetry  Dose equivalent (biological dose) H=D·RBE, where RBE= radiobiological equivalent SI unit: Sievert Type and Energy RangeRadiation Weighting Factors X and Gamma rays1 Electrons1 Neutrons (energy dependent)5-20 Protons5 Alpha Particles20

FIZIKA 14 Radioactivity Dr. Seres István Dozimetry Background radiation The average natural backround radiation is about 1.8 mSv/year + artificial components, - mainly medical imaging (X-ray) and therapy – an average of 0.4 mSv/year, alltogether maximum about 2,5 mSv/year. The miain components of the background radiation: radon in closed buildings (about 0.5 mSv/year), raditaions from the buildings (about 0.4 mSv/year), cosmical radiation (about 0.3 mSv/year), Calium from our own body (about 0.2 mSv/year)

FIZIKA 15 Radioactivity Dr. Seres István Dozimetry Background radiation

FIZIKA 16 Radioactivity Dr. Seres István Dozimetry Background Radiation For the professionals working with isotopes (doctors, researchers, etc.) the limit is 25 times bigger than the average background radiation (maximum 50 mSv/year), this is called as dose limit. The dose limit for the population is the double of the average background radiation, such as maximum 5 mSv/year. Lethal Dose : LD 50/30 = 4 – 5 Sv (50% of the people dies without treatment within 30 days

FIZIKA 17 Radioactivity Dr. Seres István Dozimetry Background radiation radon Fresh air8 Bq/m 3Bq Flats in tropic areas20 Bq/m 3 Drafty room30 Bq/m 3 Flat (worlds average)40 Bq/m 3 Room without ventilation100 Bq/m 3 Hungarian village house130 Bq/m 3 Cellar250 Bq/m 3 Flat in radon areas1000 Bq/m 3 Mine (in vulcanic areas) Bq/m 3

FIZIKA 18 Radioactivity Dr. Seres István Dozimetry USA37 Bq/m 3Bq Finland90 Bq/m 3 France62 Bq/m 3 Indonesia12 Bq/m 3 Japan29 Bq/m 3 Hungary55 Bq/m 3 Germany49 Bq/m 3 Sveden108 Bq/m 3 Siria20 Bq/m 3 40 Bq/m 3 activity concentartion is equivalent to about 1mSv/year dose. Background radiation radon

FIZIKA 19 Radioactivity Dr. Seres István Detecting of nuclear radiation  Cloud chamber

FIZIKA 20 Radioactivity Dr. Seres István  Cloud chamber (Paks, Nuclear Power Plant, Visitor Centre) Detecting of nuclear radiation

FIZIKA 21 Radioactivity Dr. Seres István Filmdozimeter (staff – doctors, Y-Ray staff) Detecting of nuclear radiation

FIZIKA 22 Radioactivity Dr. Seres István Geiger Müller counter (GM tube) Detecting of nuclear radiation