PROSES PEDOGENESIS

PENDAHULUAN Banyak proses yang terlibat dalam PROSES PERUBAHAN bahan induk menjadi horison tanah. Kombinasi yang tepat dari proses-proses ini dan reaksi-reaksinya masih belum sepenuhnya diketahui. Jika kombinasi proses perubahan ini didominasi oleh proses tertentu, biasanya diberikan nama; misalnya Laterization, Podzolization dna lainnya. DIUNDUH DARI: myspace.aamu.edu/users/monday.../soils/Pedogenic%20Processes.ppt ….. 11/2/2013

PROSES-PROSES UTAMA DALAM PEDOGENESIS The pedogenic processes can be grouped into four. These are: Penambahan atau Gains Kehilangan atau Pengambilan Translokasi atau Transfer atau Pengangkutan TransformaSI – Perubahan bentuk. Each major pedogenic process is made up of a number of processes acting singly or in combination DIUNDUH DARI: myspace.aamu.edu/users/monday.../soils/Pedogenic%20Processes.ppt ….. 11/2/2013

Proses Penambahan atau Gain Enrichment – Peng-kaya-an General term for addition of material to a soil body. e.g., adjoining pedons as in depressions. Cummulization - Akumulasi Aeolian and hydrologic additions of mineral particles to the surface of a soil. The effects are more pronounced in depressions. Littering – Penumpukan seresah The accumulation of vegetable and associated faunal debris (litter) including humus on the mineral soil surface to a depth of less than 30cm Melanization - Melanisasi The darkening of light-colored mineral materials which are initially unconsolidated by admixture of organic matter. Melanization involves some translocation. DIUNDUH DARI: myspace.aamu.edu/users/monday.../soils/Pedogenic%20Processes.ppt ….. 11/2/2013

KEHILANGAN ATAU PENGAMBILAN Erosion - EROSI surficial removal of material from the surface layer of a soil This is effected by raindrop splash, runoff waters, wind, creep, and other mass wasting processes. Leaching – PENCUCIAN - PEMBASUHAN General term for washing out or eluviating soluble material from the solum. DIUNDUH DARI: myspace.aamu.edu/users/monday.../soils/Pedogenic%20Processes.ppt ….. 11/2/2013

Translokasi atau Transfer Eluviation – Eluviasi - Ke luar Movement of material out of a portion of a soil profile as in an albic horizon. Illuviation – Iluviasi - Masuk Movement of material into a portion of soil profile as in argillic or spodic horizon Lessivage Washing in suspension of fine clay and lesser amounts of coarse clay and fine silt down cracks and other voids in a soil body; leading to the depletion of clay in the A horizon and enrichment of clay in the B horizon. Pedoturbation - Pedoturbasi Biologic, physical (freeze-thaw and wet-dry cycles) churning and cycling of soil materials thereby homogenizing the solum in varying degrees DIUNDUH DARI: myspace.aamu.edu/users/monday.../soils/Pedogenic%20Processes.ppt ….. 11/2/2013

Alkalization (solonization) Dealkalization (solodization) Calcification Processes including the accumulation of calcium carbonate in a Ck and possibly other horizons of a soil. Deca1cification Reactions that remove calcium carbonate from one or more soil horizons. Salinization The accumulation of soluble salts such as sulfates and chlorides of calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium in salty (salic) 'horizons. Desalinization The removal of soluble salts from salic horizons. Alkalization (solonization) The accumulation of sodium ions on the exchange sites in a soil. Dealkalization (solodization) The leaching of sodium ions and salts from sodium-rich (natric) horizons. DIUNDUH DARI: myspace.aamu.edu/users/monday.../soils/Pedogenic%20Processes.ppt ….. 11/2/2013

Braunification, Rubification and Ferrugination- Leucinization The paling of soil horizons by disappearance of dark organic materials either through transformation to light- colored ones or through removal from the horizons. Braunification, Rubification and Ferrugination- Release of iron from primary minerals and the dispersion of particles of iron oxide in increasing amounts; the progressive oxidation or hydration, giving the soil mass brownish, reddish-brown and red colors, respectively. (Also transformation). Gleization The reduction of iron under anaerobic water-logged soil conditions, with the production of bluish to greenish-gray matrix colors, with or without yellowish-brown, brown and black mottles and ferric and manganiferous concretions. (Also transformation: Podzolization (silication) The chemical migration of aluminum and iron and/or organic matter, resulting in the concentration of silica (i.e. silication) in the layer eluviated. (Also transformation) Laterization (desilication, ferrugination, ferritization, allitization) The chemical migration of silica out of the soil solum and thus the concentration of sesquioxides in the solum (goethite, gibbsite, etc.) DIUNDUH DARI: myspace.aamu.edu/users/monday.../soils/Pedogenic%20Processes.ppt ….. 11/2/2013

Transformasi Dekomposisi Mineralisasi Humifikasi Sintesis The breakdown of mineral and organic materials Mineralisasi The release of oxide solids during decomposition of organic. It concerns the biochemical breakdown of dead plant tissues by soil micro-organisms to produce simple-structured soluble organic substances, purely mineral compounds like nitrates, and metal cations and gases (mostly carbon dioxide) Humifikasi Transformation of raw organic material into humus. In this the simple structured soluble organic substances are grouped into lager molecules by polymerization They then become poorly soluble and are stabilized to form a major component of humus Sintesis The formation of new particles of mineral and organic species. DIUNDUH DARI: myspace.aamu.edu/users/monday.../soils/Pedogenic%20Processes.ppt ….. 11/2/2013

Paludization Ripening The accumulation of deep (> 30cm) layers of organic matter- as in mucks and peats. Ripening This refers to the chemical, biological, and physical changes in organic soil after air penetrates the organic deposits, making it possible for microbial activity to flourish. DIUNDUH DARI: myspace.aamu.edu/users/monday.../soils/Pedogenic%20Processes.ppt ….. 11/2/2013

Berlangsungnya Proses-proses Each of the major pedogenic processes may affect many compounds and components which make up the soil. For example, there may be additions, losses, transfers and transformations of organic matter, soluble salts, carbonates, sesquioxides. Organic matter may be added to the soil by littering; it may be transformed by decomposition; it may be translocated by podzolization and it may be lost by erosion. These processes can all be going on singly or in combination with other processes to give rise to the soil profile. However, not all of the processes will necessarily promote horizon differentiation. Some of the processes may actually retard or offset differentiation e.g. pedoturbation. DIUNDUH DARI: myspace.aamu.edu/users/monday.../soils/Pedogenic%20Processes.ppt ….. 11/2/2013

RANGKAIAN PROSES-PROSES DIUNDUH DARI: myspace.aamu.edu/users/monday.../soils/Pedogenic%20Processes.ppt ….. 11/2/2013