10.1 EXPLAINING THE EARLY UNIVERSE SCIENCE 9 BLOCK C LIZ PEREJILO

THE BIG BANG THEORY Georges Lemaître came up with the Big Bang Theory Astronomers believed it to be a large explosion 13.7 billion years ago Causing the universe to heat up, then expand When the universe began to cool down, subatomic particles and simple atoms began to form There is a great amount of supporting evidence To this day, evidence is still being found -> proving the theory still correct

CHARACTERISTICS OF AN EXPANDING UNIVERSE Edwin Hubble had a theory about the universe expanding Hubble made many observations that galaxies were moving away from eachother He also discovered that all the galaxies have taken the same amount of time to reach their current postitions

HOW ASTRONOMERS USE TECHNOLOGY TO ADVANCE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE UNIVERSE More powerful telescopes are being invented helping us see more celestial bodies clearer Using new technologies to mesure radiation and electromagnetic waves, we can see how the stars radiate Astronomers are sending more and more space crafts into space trying to create them so they can mesure radiation waves more precisely Astronomers are also maping where the electromagnetic waves are strongest and weakest

FORMATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF GALAXIES Galaxies are shaped in 3 different ways A spiral galaxy is made up of gas, dust, and forming stars and older stars An elliptical galaxy is shaped like a football cotaining the oldest stars of the universe, they are also the largest galaxies An irregular galaxy is made up of new and old stars mixed together Galaxies are also different in size, mass, colour, brightness and sped of their spin

Astronomers: People who study objects in space/universe Big Bang Theory: A theory of how the early universe was created Celestial Bodies: Objects in space (ex: Sun, Moon, etc.) Cosmological Red Shift: When wave lengths of radiated light are lengthened Electromagnetic Radation: Energy carried and/or ratiated by waves Spectroscope: A prism shaped object that helps to seperate light into basic colours Red Shift: Change that occurs because of light’s wave lengths becoming longer Radiation: Transmission of energy through the form of waves

Edwin Hubble: Edwin Hubble was an astronomer who made the first discovery that all the galaxies in the universe were moving farther and farther away from each other. Hubbles Proposal: Hubble’s proposal was that the universe was expanding in all different directions and that all galaxies have been taking the same amount of time to for up until now. Red Shift Analysis is when light is directed at a spectrum and reflects into electromagnetic waves and is the only visible light Cosmological Red shift is when wavelengths of radiated light are being stretched when they cross an expanding universe COBE stands for Cosmic Background Explorer. COBE is a satellite that was launched into space in 1989 by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The COBE has helped give one of the strongest supporting evidence that the Big Bang Theory happened Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson discovered the most supporting evidence of the Big Bang Theory. They had been studying the radiation in space, when they started to get a signal interference which sounded like static. They then discovered it was really “Cosmic Background radiation” left over from the Big Bang.

Georges Lemaître was a Belgian priest who had first discussed the Big Bang Theory in Cosmic Background radiation was the background static noise that Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson were hearing during their study of microwave radiation in space. WMAP was another spacecraft that NASA sent into space in 2001, only this time it could mesure more precise mesurements of microwave radiation. WMAP stands for Wilkinson Microwave Anistropy Probe. Hubble Space Telescope that launched April of 1990, sends data to earth weekly with new scientific data. The HST is expected to stay in space for approximately 20 years. It was named after the famous astronomer, Edwin Hubble. Electromagnetic waves are energy transmitted by the form of waves. Electromsgnetic radiation and other types of radiation such as microwaves, radio waves, and x rays. These radiate various forms of energy. CERN (European Council for Nuclear Research) is a European organization established in CERN is where the largest particle physics laboratory in the world is located.