1. Unit 4: Astronomy Lesson 1: The Early Universe
Science 9H
Unit 4: Astronomy
Lesson 1: The Early Universe

2. Objectives By the end of the lesson you should be able to:
Describe the role Hubble played in our current understanding of the universe
Explain how the red shift analysis works
Describe the Big Bang Theory and its supporting evidence

3. The Universe
Prior to 100 yrs ago we believed that the universe was unchanging
Between more powerful telescopes were created and we could see more celestial bodies

4. Edwin Hubble
First astronomer to identify other galaxies besides the Milky Way
In 1929 he estimated the distance from Earth to 46 other galaxies
He noticed that all the galaxies were moving away from each other! AND, that their speed varied depending on their distance from each other!

5. Hubble’s Proposal
The universe is expanding in all directions and it has taken the galaxies the same amount of time to get to their current location from the starting point.

6. Raisin Loaf Model

7. But how?? Stars and galaxies emit different types of EMS waves
Hubble used his knowledge of the EMS (electromagnetic spectrum)
Stars and galaxies emit different types of EMS waves

8. Spectral Patterns
Recall that a prism refracts white light into a rainbow
A spectroscope does the same thing using light from galaxies and stars
It produces a spectrum.
Each galaxy has its own unique spectrum with spectral lines produced by the elements within it

9. Red Shift Unmoving Red Shifted: moving away from Earth
Blue Shifted: moving towards Earth

11. But where did the expansion start?
The Big Bang Theory:
An unimaginably tiny volume of space rapidly expanded to a huge size
This happened very very quickly
It formed all the matter in the universe

12. Evidence #1 Cosmic Background Radiation
Discovered by Penzias and Wilson in 1963
Monitored microwaves but kept hearing noise
Made some adjustments but it wouldn’t go away
Determined they were hearing the radiation left over from the Big Bang

13. Evidence #2 COBE: Cosmic Background Explorer
Satellite launched by NASA in 1989
Red = warm areas Blue = cooler areas

14. Evidence #3 WMAP: Wilkinson Microwave Anistropy Probe
Sent by NASA in 2001
Blue = more dense Red = less dense

16. Your Turn!
Lab 10-1C pg 353