Astronomy time line Lesson 2  Technology advances.  Better observations are made.  New hypotheses are proposed.  Old beliefs continue to be replaced by new beliefs.

The first telescope was a refracting telescope

Refract; means to bend light Galileo 1609 Henry Hudson explores Delaware Bay and Hudson River

1650’s These types of telescopes had to become longer and longer to become more and more powerful. New technology in lense making by Christiaan Huygens in 1650’s helped lead the way.

1673 The need for a new design Illustration of a 150 ft Keplerian Astronomical refracting telescope built by Johannes Hevelius These types of telescopes were impractical and showed a need for a new way to build and use a telescope.

Sir Isaac Newton  Sir Isaac Newton begins a series of experiments with dividing white light with a prism into colors of the rainbow called a spectrum.  Newton discovers that white light is made of all the colors of the rainbow.

1671 Reflecting telescope Invented by Sir Isaac Newton  Reflecting means to “bounce off of”.  Reflecting Telescopes allow for a larger, for a larger, Clearer, image.

William Herschel between 1782 and  Discovered Uranus and the sixth and seventh moons of Saturn between 1782 and 1789 He was the first person to correctly describe the shape of our galaxy, the Milky Way.

William Herschel After learning of Newton’s work on light, Herschel Discovers that there is light that we can not see. He calls it infrared light. This has serious implications to astronomy. Are there stars out there that we can NOT see? Invisible stars?

Johann Ritter In 1801, Johann Ritter conducted an experiment to investigate the existence of energy beyond the violet end of the visible spectrum. Knowing that photographic paper would turn black more rapidly in blue light than in red light, he exposed the paper to light beyond violet. Sure enough, the paper turned black, proving the existence of ultraviolet light. Light we can Not see?

Percival Lowell  1890s he built a private observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona to study Mars.  Discovers Pluto in 1930.

1846 -John Couch Adams and Urbain Le Verrier.   discover Neptune. Urbain Le Verrier. en/Astronomy/Biographies/JohnCouchAdams01.html John Couch Adams

Edwin Hubble 1930’s  Used telescope to determine that Our galaxy is not the universe but only one of many galaxies within the universe.  Proved that the universe is expanding using light spectrum from stars.  The Red/Green Shift

1960’s Dr. Frank Low  Dr. Frank Low Invents a device that allows a telescope to “see” infrared light. We view stars, gas, dust and galaxies that are otherwise invisible to a telescope. news/930-feature Frank-Low-Pioneer-of-Infrared- Astronomy

Since 1609’s development of a refracting telescope, we’ve gone from seeing our night skies…

To experiencing, in awe, a vast, unending universe that is filled with the most remarkable views

Aurora borealis from space

Aurora borealis on Jupiter taken with an ultraviolet camera on Hubble Telescope

Begin quiz Complete the following sentences by filling in the blanks.

1. At the time of Plato, most of the world’s cultures believed_____________ ___________________ ___________________ _

2.Aristarchus was one of the first to propose the________ theory which states that the _______revolves around the ________

3. Eratosthenes Cyrene Proved the Earth was round by ___________________________ ___________________________

4. ________________wrote the Almagest which tells us that the cultures of his time believed in the __________ theory and that stars were fixed on celestial spheres.

AD 5. Known as the ____ of __________ Because it is a period of very little intellectual advancements due to the fall of the Roman empire, barbaric intrusions and warfare.

________________ A Catholic Monk who wrote a small pamphlet titled, De Revolutionibus, He Believes the sun to be the center of the universe. This is known as the ___________________ theory.

6. A new invention by Leonard Diggs called the______________ allows his Son__________ to correctly hypothesize that the stars are NOT fixed on celestial spheres

7. __________________Spends twenty years of his life to gather measurements of the motions of planets, stars, etc. Uses parallax to prove Thomas Diggs’s hypothesis is correct.

8. ________________proves that planets do not move in perfect circles but in elongated circles called ______________________

9. ______ ________Is officially recorded to have invented the ___________ telescope (type of)

10. Not only did_______ improve the telescope, but he also Introduced a law of motion called inertia

11. The first telescope was a ______telescope

12. Describe how a refracting telescope works

Refract; means to_____ ______ Galileo 1609 Henry Hudson explores Delaware Bay and Hudson River 13. Fill in the blanks

1650’s 14.These types of telescopes had to become longer and longer to become more and more powerful. New technology in lens making by ___________ ____________in 1650’s helped lead the way.

15.The picture from 1673 below shows the need for a _____ ________ Illustration of a 150 ft Keplerian Astronomical refracting telescope built by Johannes Hevelius 1673.

 16. Sir _____ ________ begins a series of experiments with dividing white light with a prism into colors of the rainbow called a________________.

1671 Reflecting telescope Invented by Sir Isaac Newton  17. Reflecting means to …?  Reflecting Telescopes allow for a larger, for a larger, Clearer, image.

18. In what way is a reflecting telescope different from a refracting telescope?

19. Who is this man and what did he discover in 1800?. After learning of Newton’s work on light,______ discovers_______

Who is this man? 20. In 1801,-__________conducted an experiment to investigate the existence of energy beyond the violet end of the visible spectrum. Knowing that photographic paper would turn black more rapidly in blue light than in red light, he exposed the paper to light beyond violet. Sure enough, the paper turned black, proving the existence of________________

Who is he? What did he study? What did he discover?  s he built a private observatory in ______, Arizona to study _____.  Discovers _____ in 1930.

1846 -John Couch Adams and Urbain Le Verrier.   22.discovered___ ___ ???????. Urbain Le Verrier. en/Astronomy/Biographies/JohnCouchAdams01.html John Couch Adams

Who is he? What did he discover? 1930’s  23. Used telescope to determine that Our galaxy is not the universe but only one of many galaxies within the universe.  Proved that the universe is _________ using light spectrum from stars.

1960’s Who is he ? What did he invent?  Dr. Frank Low Invents a device that allows a telescope to see____________Light. news/930-feature Frank-Low-Pioneer-of-Infrared- Astronomy