The team working at the Public Policy Research Centre (PPRC), Delhi takes great pleasure in presenting this monograph based on a presentation on Comparative Governance. Democratic Governance is a subject about which everyone has some opinion but rarely a true understanding. As a consequence, there is a growing trend of painting every other government with the same brush. Thanks to this continuing trend, criticizing all and sundry in governance has long before become a favorite pastime. In the process, society at large has become cynical and almost lost the ability to go into the nuances, compare, contrast and distinguish between different governments. To make people engage in these; we believe, is a part of educating the people and through this we are attempting the same. At PPRC it is our considered opinion that enlightened citizenry is the best guarantee of sustaining democracy and to that end, this monograph will make an impact. I congratulate the entire PPRC team and more particularly Ravi Gupta and Abhishek Chaudhari for their well-researched inputs and also Vivek Srivastava who provided the best design inputs. Valuable guidance provided by Nalin Kohli and Sumeet Bhasin also needs a special mention. We would be happy to get a candid feedback from our readers. Vinay Sahasrabuddhe

ECONOMY: FROM SHORTAGES TO SURPLUSES FOREIGN POLICY: RAISING INDIA’S PRESTIGE DIGITAL CONNECTIVITY TELECOM FOR ALL JAI JAWAN JAI KISAN JAI VIGYAN WATER: INITIATED INTERNLINKIN G OF RIVERS MAKING VILLAGES VIBRANT ROADS : GOLDEN QUADRILATER AL, PM GRAM SADAK YOJANA HEALTH: 6 NEW AIIMS AFTER 56 YEARS HOME: PEACE, SECURITY, UNITY IT: MAKING INDIA PROUD

Item Prices during NDA (May 2004) Prices during UPA (May 2013) % Increase Potato `2`2 ` 20900% Wheat `9`9 ` 28211% Milk ` 14 ` 45221% Mustard Oil ` 40 ` % LGP Cylinder ` 244/Cylinder ` 858/Cylinder252% Diesel ` ` %

BJP led NDA Congress led UPA Data: RBI

Data: NSSO

 India's gross savings rate had fallen to 30.8% of GDP in  Net household financial savings in India declined to 7.8% (FY12) of the GDP, an over two-decade low. Data: Planning Commission

Government in Power Depreciation Phase Change % Depreciation UPA to 2009 From ` 44 to ` % UPA to June 2013 From ` to ` 60 24%

GSDP (Gross State Domestic Product) growing around 10% which is approximately double of the National GDP rate which is around 5%. Fiscal Deficits of all BJP/NDA states are below 3% while the Central Government’s Fiscal Deficit is close to a worrying 6%. Average per capita power consumptions of BJP/NDA States is 763 Units. (National Average is 631 Units) Average Expenditure on Education of the BJP/NDA States is around 5.3% of the GNP while the National Average is lower at 4.9%. BJP / NDA ruled states have a Higher Gross Primary School Enrolment Ratio and Less Drop-out rate as compared the national average. GSDP (Gross State Domestic Product) growing around 10% which is approximately double of the National GDP rate which is around 5%. Fiscal Deficits of all BJP/NDA states are below 3% while the Central Government’s Fiscal Deficit is close to a worrying 6%. Average per capita power consumptions of BJP/NDA States is 763 Units. (National Average is 631 Units) Average Expenditure on Education of the BJP/NDA States is around 5.3% of the GNP while the National Average is lower at 4.9%. BJP / NDA ruled states have a Higher Gross Primary School Enrolment Ratio and Less Drop-out rate as compared the national average.

Growth Magnate of the Country Vibrant Gujarat Scheme, 24x7 Power Supply, Solar Energy Garib Kalyan Mela, Sagar Khedu Yojna, Beti Bachao Yojna Gujarat Agriculture Growth of 18%, Public Services Guarantee Act, Mukhya Mantri Yuva Swarozgar Yojna, Ladli Laxmi Yojna Mukhyamantri Teerth-Darshan Yojna,, Atal Jyoti Abhiyan Madhya Pradesh PDS Reforms, Online Paddy Procurement Process Gram Suraj Abhiyan 2011 Saraswati Cycle Scheme, Chhattisgarh Food Security Bill Chhattisgarh Cheapest Petrol in Country, Laptop to all students (Std V +) Griha Aadhar Scheme - Allowance of Rs 1,000/month for housewife from middle, lower middle and poor sections. Goa

1.Ethical Deficit 2.Decision Deficit 3.Governance Deficit 4.Fiscal Deficit 5.Revenue Deficit 6.Current Account Deficit 7.Trade Deficit 8.Trust Deficit 9.Leadership Deficit

2G Spectrum ScamA RajaKanimozi Suresh Kalmadi Adarsh Building ScamAshok Chavan Coalgate Scam Ashwini Kumar Manmohan Singh Navin Jindal Railway Posting Scam Pawan Kumar Bansal CWG Scam Sheila Dikshit

1.Coalgate – Rs 1.86 Lakh Crore 2.2G Spectum – Rs 1.76 Lakh Crore 3.Railway Posting Bribery Scam 4.AugustaWestland Chopper Scam 5.Adarsh Building Scam 6.CWG Scam – Rs 70,000 Crore 7.Tatra Truck Scam 8.Cash for Vote Scam 9.Antrix – Devas Scam

1.Dual Power Center 2.Galaxy of Scams & Protection of Scamsters 3.Misuse of CBI & Government agencies 4.Uncontrolled Corruption 5.Unethical Appointments: CVC, NHRC 6.Crimes against Women 7.Disregarding & Threatening Federalism 8.National Advisory Council (NAC): Super Constitutional Body 9.Compromising Sovereignty & International Prestige

1.Declining GDP Growth Rate 2.Dismal Job Creation 3.Rising Fiscal Deficit 4.Sky-rocketing Inflation 5.High Interest Rates 6.Increasing Current Account Deficit 7.Pathetic Infrastructure Investment & Development 8.Steep fall in Rupee value 9.Non-Adherence to Federal Fiscal Principles

 Economic Survey : (very first line) The economy appears to be in a resilient mode in terms of growth, inflation, and balance of payment… with continued macroeconomic stability. Real GDP is estimated to have grown by 8.1% in , buoyed by a strong agricultural recovery of 9.1%.  68th round of NSSO: Unemployment rose between June 2010 and June India's employment rate has slipped from 42% in to 39.2% in and to 38.6% in  UPA's affidavit in SC: BJP led NDA regime constructed 50% of national highways laid in last 30 years. In 9 years, Congress led UPA build only 16,000 km of highways while the BJP ruled NDA build 23,814 km of highways.

 CoalGate & CBI (May 2013): The SC while examining the affidavit submitted by the CBI, called the investigating agency a "caged parrot speaking in its master's voice".  2G Spectrum (Feb 2012): The allocation of 2G spectrum by the Congress-led UPA government is “illegal” and had been allotted in "an unconstitutional and arbitrary manner."  Black Money (Mar 2011): ‘You think this man (Hasan Ali Khan) deserves all the freedom? …Would you extend the same facilities to persons accused of other crimes? What the hell is going on?’  Food Wastage (Sept 2010) – Observed that ‘about 50,000 M.T. of wheat have already been deteriorated and is not fit for human consumption… Don't allow food grain to be wasted, give it away to the hungry population.'

 (Sept 5, 2012) : “The story of Singh’s dramatic fall from grace in his second term in office and the slow but steady tarnishing of his reputation has played out in parallel with his country’s decline on his watch.”  (July 16, 2012) : “…one of Mr Singh's problems is that he has no genuine political power. Rather, he owes his position to Sonia Gandhi, widow of former prime minister Rajiv Gandhi, mother of Rahul and Congress Party chairwoman.”  (July 16, 2012) : “Voters too are losing confidence, as rising inflation and a litany of scandals chip away at the government's credibility. In a recent national poll, nearly 66% of urbanites said Prime Minister Singh and his coalition had lost the right to govern.”

NDA’s Policy High Growth Rate High Employment with Low Inflation Low Interest rates UPA’s Policy Low Growth Rate Low Employment with High Inflation High Interest Rates

NDA’s Policy High Growth Rate High Employment with Low Inflation Low Interest rates UPA’s Policy Low Growth Rate Low Employment with High Inflation High Interest Rates

 An Enterprise of Bharatiya Lok Kalyan Nyas  Established in Sept 2011 under direction of Sh. Nitin Gadkari  Headed by Dr. Vinay Sahasrabuddhe as Director, Sh. Nalin S Kohli & Sh Sumit Bhasin as Advisors  Comprised of small team of 5 people including Sh. Abhishek Chaudhari as Research Fellow and Sh. Ravi Gupta as Research Coordinator  The office is located at B21, LGF, Lajpat Nagar- III, New Delhi