A cylinders displacement is the volume of the cylinder when the piston is at BDC. It is the sum of the displacement of each cylinder. It is defined as the volume of air/fuel mixture an engine can draw in.
Ex: 700 cc (cubic centimetres) 1000 cc = 1 Litre
Example : Vehicle has 4 cylinders : Each cylinder has a volume of 700cc : 700cc X 4 = 2800cc : 2800cc = 2.8 Litre
Torque is the term used to describe a rotating force. More torque generally means a car can accelerate faster Torque is the actual reading of how “hard” and with how much “Force” the engine turns.
Horsepower: 1 hp = 33,000 lb-ft / min One horsepower is the ability to lift pounds one foot in one minute The horsepower specification for an engine tells you how much power the engine can produce. Horsepower is the rate at which the engine does work
Formula: HORSEPOWER = (TORQUE * RPM) / 5252 A engine that makes 300 pound-feet of torque at 4,000 RPM produces [(300 x 4,000) / 5,252] 228 horsepower at 4,000 RPM
Think about: Torque being how hard you can pound away on bicycle pedals Horsepower being how fast you can spin the bicycle pedals.
Spark plug Inlet valve Exhaust valve CylinderPiston The four-stroke engine
Is a can-shaped part closely fitted inside the cylinder. Piston rings consist of compression rings and oil rings. Crankshaft takes the up-down motion of the piston and convertors it to a rotation motion Connecting rod connects the piston to the crankshaft.
The 4 Stroke engine cycle consist of these: 1) Intake 180degree 2) Compression 180 degree 3) Power/ Combustion 180 degree 4) Exhaust 180 degree Total engine revolution 720 degree One complete engine cycle consists of 4 engine strokes.
The Intake Stroke consist of the piston travelling down. Intake valves are open to allow Air/Fuel mixture to come into the combustion chamber.
Intake plastic ducts Intake manifolds
- Fuel injectors are electronically controlled valves that spray fuel to mix with air. - Creating that air fuel mixture -
It is an electrical device that fits into the cylinder head and ignites air fuel mixtures.
Inlet valve open INTAKE STROKE The four-stroke engine Exhaust valve closed
Inlet valve open Piston down INTAKE STROKE The four-stroke engine Exhaust valve closed
Inlet valve open Piston down INTAKE STROKE The four-stroke engine Fuel in Exhaust valve closed
Inlet valve open Piston down INTAKE STROKE The four-stroke engine Fuel in Exhaust valve closed
Compression stroke consist of the piston travelling back up. Both intake and exhaust valves are closed Air fuel mixture is now being compressed
Inlet valve closed COMPRESSION STROKE The four-stroke engine Piston up Exhaust valve closed
Inlet valve closed COMPRESSION STROKE The four-stroke engine Piston up Exhaust valve closed
Inlet valve closed COMPRESSION STROKE The four-stroke engine Piston up Exhaust valve closed
The piston is now at the TDC Spark plug ignites, creating a spark that ignites the compressed air fuel mixture. Explosion is created and the piston is forced back down. Hence the Power stroke Both valves are still closed
Inlet valve closed POWER STROKE The four-stroke engine BANG Exhaust valve closed
Inlet valve closed POWER STROKE The four-stroke engine Piston down powerfully Exhaust valve closed
Inlet valve closed POWER STROKE The four-stroke engine Piston down powerfully Exhaust valve closed
Inlet valve closed POWER STROKE The four-stroke engine Exhaust valve closed
Exhaust stroke the piston is travelling up Exhaust valve is open Intake valve is Closed Exhaust gases being pushed out by piston
Inlet valve closed EXHAUST STROKE The four-stroke engine Exhaust valve closed
Inlet valve closed EXHAUST STROKE The four-stroke engine Exhaust valve open Piston up Exhaust gases out
Inlet valve closed EXHAUST STROKE The four-stroke engine Exhaust valve open Piston up Exhaust gases out
Inlet valve open INTAKE STROKE The four-stroke engine Exhaust valve closed
And so the cycle continues!!
The exhaust system is needed to provide a pathway for exhaust fumes to be filtered and to reduce noise. Exhaust manifold Catalytic convertor Muffler