Words Luddism Chartism Socialism Utopians Humanitarians

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Chapter 4 Reponses to Classical Liberalism Social 30-1

Quick Review What led to Laissez-Faire Capitalism? What were some positive effects of Classical Liberalism? What are some negative effects? What was enclosure? Explain… Inflation and the income gap? I don’t want to talk about Philosophers again, I think you know it!

Industrial Revolution The Industrial revolution changed Britain. Society was based on Interventionist government and agriculture. Soon, it was based on Laissez-faire capitalism, manufacturing, and profits. High wages were not seen as profitable and were thus avoided. Government did not get involved in business.

A new monarchy The elite that grew from the new freedoms of liberalism soon held similar power to monarchy. People that once cried for freedom and the deposition of government now wanted government intervention and collectivism.

Improve quality of life The IR led to a massive gap between the rich and the poor. Wealth was distributed unequally. As always, if you put people down long enough they will rebel. Think about the French and American Revolution, the Oka Crisus, etc…

Speaking out People soon began to speak out against the exploitation of power. Again working hours, child labor, etc…

However, The government liked Capitalism and Industrialization. It had to do little work to keep it going and the people were taken care of. It felt that the employer would take care of the workers.

The Government The government did eventually change and new laws were put into place to protect workers. These range from Minimum Wage laws, Safety Laws, Working Hours Laws, etc… These were new restrictions on Laissez-Faire Capitalism.

Factory Acts A series of laws passed by British Parliament during the 18 and 1900’s that made life better for factory workers. Factory act of 1802 addressed child labour, among other things.

From the act of 1802 The owner must clean the room twice a year and ventilate. Owners MUST obey the law. Every child must be given two suits for work. Children can not work more then 12 hours, before 6 am, or after 9 pm. They must be given education in reading, writing, and arithmetic.

The Comparison Equality for all . Rights for all individuals. Classical Modern Equality for all . Rights for all individuals. Government intervention to ensure people are cared for. Protect the economic rights of individuals. Maximum rights in business. People act on own behalf. Limited Government.

New ideas emerge Modern Liberalism: Luddism Chartism Socialism Marxism

Luddites A Grassroots movement. Early 19th century. Skilled textile workers protested the new electronic looms. These could be run by low waged under trained people. Led by Ned Ludd. Disgruntled workers stormed and destroyed machinery.

Luddites Over a six year period, civilian armies (known as red dressers) broke into factories and destroyed over 200 machines. The ideology (Luddism) spread across the UK. The government responded and made luddism and crime (Punishable by death). 12 000 troops protected factories. One such attack ended with 10 luddites dead and a robber barons home being burnt to the ground. All luddites captured were deported or killed. Let’s go back to the other slide and click on the picture!

Quick Question In its actions against the luddites, what main principle of classical liberalism was the British government protecting?

What we will do now… In 6 groups. Luddites, Chartism, Classical Liberalism, Mercantilism, Utopian Socialism, Enclosure. What is each. What is one positive aspect What is one negative aspect Which Philosopher would agree with it, Why? Conceptualize it in a picture.

Chartism A working class movement in Britain that focused on political and social reform. Based on the ideas of people charter of 1838. Universal Suffrage for all men over 21. Equal electoral Districts. Secret Voting. Property rights changed. Pay for members of parliament. Annual elections.

Continued The peoples charter was presented to government in 1839 with 1.25 million signatures. It was voted down 235 to 46. Some protested and were arrested. Why might the government of the day want to vote down this reform?

Socialism As laissez-faire capitalism failed. People wanted to Co-operate in Society. People wanted the Income Gap to fail and wealth to be distributed equally. These social, Collectivist people became known as socialist.

Socialism Any ideology that believed that resources should be controlled by the public for the good of everyone. Value economic equality. Income Security. Employment and standard of living.

Early Socialist Robert Owen: Factory Owner. Wanted to share wealth. Opened markets. Created Schools. Offered Health Care. Without workers, we have nothing. Raised wages, less hours, Tried to make the government socialist. He was defeated by government… Interesting???

Utopian Socialist Thomas Moore wrote a book called Utopia. The word now refers to any imaginary perfect society. These Utopians were not pragmatic, they were idealist. Horace Greely, Saint-Simon, and Robert Owen would all have these ideals.

Back to Owen He eventually developed a massive textile company in a “utopian” community. New Lanark: now a world heritage site.

MLA Author Lastname, Firstname. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year. Grenfell, Wilfred Thomason. Adrift on an Ice Pan. St. John's: Creative, 1992.

Any More Questions Regarding the Essay?

Quick Review What are some ideologies that developed out of Classic Liberalism? What conditions allowed these to develop? Were the Luddites justified? Was the government reaction justified? Why general human flaw inhibits the development of a real “Socialist Utopia”?

What we will do now… In 6 groups. Luddites, Chartism, Classical Liberalism, Mercantilism, Utopian Socialism, Enclosure. What is each. What is one positive aspect What is one negative aspect Which Philosopher would agree with it, Why? Conceptualize it in a picture.