SS4H1 The student will describe how early Native American cultures developed in North America. a. Locate where Native Americans settled with emphasis on the Arctic (Inuit), Northwest (Kwakiutl), Plateau (Nez Perce), Southwest (Hopi), Plains (Pawnee), and Southeast (Seminole). b. Describe how Native Americans used their environment to obtain food, clothing, and shelter Native Americans

Kwakiutl Location- Pacific Northwest Washington State and British Columbia, Canada. Shelter-Built large homes (plankhouses) from cedar sticks and bark. Food- Salmon, shellfish, sea mammals, clams, deer, moose, berries Clothing- used cedar-tree bark to make clothing as well as skins from deer, etc. Built totem poles outside their home that represented animals, people, and spirits. Kwakiutl

Kwakiutl Totem Poles Kwakiutl Kwakiutl

Kwakiutl U.S. map location

Nez Perce Location- Plateau Region in Idaho. Where present day Idaho, Washington, and Oregon meet. Shelter-tull-mat covered long houses. Tull was a plant that grew by rivers. Materials included: tull, wood, and buffalo hides The houses were very long. Sometimes 100 feet! Food- various fish, deer, mountain sheep, antelope, bison, plants and berries. The men spent their time hunting, while the women did the gathering. Clothing- animal skins and moccasins

Nez Perce

Nez Perce U.S. map location

Hopi Location- Southwest (Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado) Shelter- Built large “pueblo” homes with many rooms made from adobe bricks (clay, stone, straw, grass) Food- farmers: Grew beans, squash, and maize (corn) Corn, beans, and squash were known as “the three sisters.” Hunters: They also hunted rabbits and squirrels. Clothing- breech cloths, and dresses Cotton, animal skins, and fur Were the first in the world to fire clay pottery Hopi

Hopi

Hopi

Hopi U.S. map location

Pawnee Location- Plains Region Shelter- Earth lodges made up their villages where they farmed. Tipis were used for quick travel while on hunting trips. Tipis were great for quick travel! Food- Men would take their families on hunting trips for several months. Following herds of buffalo and antelope. The women were skilled farmers. They grew corn, squash, beans (three sisters), melon, and tobacco. Clothing-buffalo and deer skin, poncho-like blouses, breechcloths, leather leggings Pawnee

Pawnee

Pawnee U.S. map location

Seminole Location- Southeast Region (Florida) Shelter- chickees (built of wood and straw and had no walls) Food- Fish, turkey, deer, corn, beans, squash, melons, and sweet potatoes. Brave men would hunt alligator. Clothing- Men wore breechcloths made of deer skin Women wore wraparound skirts woven from palmetto plants and animal skin. Seminole

Seminole village

Seminole U.S. map location

Inuit Location- Arctic Region (Alaska) Shelter- Winter: igloo homes made of ice, snow, and drift wood. Summer-tents made of animal skin and bones Food- Caribou, birds, seals, walruses, fish, and other sea mammals Clothing- Thick clothing (made of skins with thick fur) -Parkas were a large thick coat with a hood. -Waterproof boots made from seal skin. -Goggles were made of wood, ivory, or bone to protect their eyes.

Inuit Children

Inuit US. Map location

Questions for review: What tribe was known for their pottery? Why would the Inuit not eat corn, beans and squash? What tribe ate alligator? What were the Hopi Tribe’s homes made out of and why? Why did the Pawnee need to live in homes that were made for such quick travel? Why would the Inuit tribe eat such fatty foods? Which tribe used cedar bark to make their clothing?