I.Soil Environment Conservation Act II.Soil Monitoring Policy III.Contaminated soil management IV.Future Policy direction

I.Soil Environment Conservation Act I-1 History of soil environment policy I-2 Structure of soil environment conservation Act I-3 System of soil environment management

I-1 History of soil environment policy ~ ~ Early Phase (Before 1980) - Farmland-centered soil management policy for increase of production - Soil contamination occurred such as excessive uses of soil and chemicals - Little understanding of soils, absence of soil policy 2Growth Phase (1980 ~ 1994) - Development of heavy chemical industry → Serious soil contamination - Run soil measuring networks - Conduct soil contamination survey throughout the country('87)

I-1 History of soil environment policy ~ ~ Development Phase (After 1995) - Establish Soil Environment Conservation Act(’95.1), Decree and Regulations(’96.1) : Tighten up the law on Prevention of soil contamination and remediation · Integrate regulations for Petroleum storage facilities · Establish the management guideline · Add more contaminants(11 → 16) · Introduce the regulation of soil environment assessment (ESA) · Establish the Detailed Soil survey guidelines · Reporting of soil contamination and Enrollment of soil remediation business · Introduce verification of remediation and risk assessment articles · Add more contaminants(16 →21) and Subdivide area(2→3) · Tighten up the remediation regulation

I-2 Structure of soil environment conservation Act General Provision  Purpose  Definitions  Establishing basic plan  Soil contamination level  Measuring Network  Compensation for loss  Soil environment assessment  Strict liability Regulation on soil contamination  Reporting soil contamination  Supervision of specific facilities  Soil survey  Remediation of contaminated soil  Verification  Risk assessment Designation/Management of specific region  Level for designation of specific region  Establishing management plan  Project for improving soil quality  Restriction on using land and activities  Cancellation of designation Specialized agencies/ Remediation business  Designation of special agency  Cause for Disqualification  Prohibition on a subsidiary businesses  Revocation of designation Supplementary provisions  Execution by proxy  Assistance from relevant organizations  State subsidy  Report and examination  Standards for administrative disposition  Hearing  Delegation of powers

I-3 System of soil environment management Survey Remediation Survey & Remediation responsibility Nation Private - Soil measuring network (Regional MOE) - Actual state soil survey (City, province) - Soil contamination survey - Soil environment assessment Polluter pays principle Polluter, Owner, Occupant, Operator

Soil measuring networks Actual state survey Soil contamination survey Soil measuring networks Actual state survey Soil contamination survey Below worrisome level Article 15: Orders to take preventive measures -Improvements in or relocation of facilities -Restrictions on use of relevant material -Remediation of contaminated soils Article 15: Orders to take preventive measures -Improvements in or relocation of facilities -Restrictions on use of relevant material -Remediation of contaminated soils Detailed soil survey Article 17: Designation of areas requiring response for soil conservation -Response level (Decree Article 12) -Notice of the location Article 17: Designation of areas requiring response for soil conservation -Response level (Decree Article 12) -Notice of the location -Area exceeding worrisome level -Area needed response activities -Area exceeding worrisome level -Area needed response activities Article 18, 19, 20, 21: Formulation and execution of response plan -Project to improve contaminated soil -Plan to use the land -Notice of the location Article 18, 19, 20, 21: Formulation and execution of response plan -Project to improve contaminated soil -Plan to use the land -Notice of the location Below worrisome level No action needed -Area exceeding worrisome level -(Available to exceed worrisome level due to accidents) -Area exceeding worrisome level -(Available to exceed worrisome level due to accidents) Execution of order Direct remediation: military facilities (below 50m 3 ) Commissioned remediation: - Execution of order: 2 year (2 extension available) - Report to government - Government’sverification Execution of order Direct remediation: military facilities (below 50m 3 ) Commissioned remediation: - Execution of order: 2 year (2 extension available) - Report to government - Government’sverification Not executed At most 2 years imprisonment Or a fine of $ 10M Not executed At most 2 years imprisonment Or a fine of $ 10M I-3 System of soil environment management Over worrisome level Legal management system of soil contamination

Organization of soil management MOE (Masterplan for soil conservation) MOE (Masterplan for soil conservation) Local Environment Office (Soil survey & Manage agencies) Local Environment Office (Soil survey & Manage agencies) NIER (R&D for soil conservation) NIER (R&D for soil conservation) Local government (Manage specific facilities, soil survey and remediation) Local government (Manage specific facilities, soil survey and remediation) Ministry of Knowledge Economy Ministry of Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Ministry of National Defense National Emergency Management Agency Ministry of Knowledge Economy Ministry of Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Ministry of National Defense National Emergency Management Agency - K eco - KEITI - KEI - K eco - KEITI - KEI - Survey agencies - Agencies for leakage test - Soil remediation businesses - Survey agencies - Agencies for leakage test - Soil remediation businesses - Associations related to soil environment - Environmental NGOs - Other business groups - Associations related to soil environment - Environmental NGOs - Other business groups I-3 System of soil environment management

II-1 Soil Measuring Network II-2 Actual state soil survey II-3 Soil contamination survey for specific facilities II-4 Management of vulnerable area II. Soil Monitoring Policy

II-1 Soil Measuring Network Measuring Degree of soil contamination (Article5) For the purpose of surveying the actual nationwide state of soil contamination the Minister of Environment shall establish a measuring network and measure the degree of soil contamination at all time Ministry of Environment (1,521) Ministry of Environment (1,521) 7 Local Environment Office (Regional MOE) Han River Basin (285) Han River Basin (285) Nakdong River Basin (190) Nakdong River Basin (190) Geum River Basin (228) Geum River Basin (228) Wonju Office (193) Wonju Office (193) Daegu Office (243) Daegu Office (243) Jeonju Office (120) Jeonju Office (120) Youngsan River Basin (262) Youngsan River Basin (262) Organization

pHOther(1) CN, Organophosphorus* * For Field, Paddy field, Orchard and Sports General(2) Cd, Cu, As, Hg, Pb, Cr +6, Zn, Ni Heavy metal(8) Road, House, Factory, Railroad and Multipurpose PCBs*, CN*, Phenols*, TPH, BTEX, F, TCE*, PCE* * For factory and multipurpose General(7) pHOther(1) Cd, Cu, As, Hg, Pb, Cr +6, Zn, Ni Heavy metal(8) Field, Paddy Field, Orchard, Woodland, Ranch, Parks, Amusement, Sports, Riverside and School ItemsLand Categories II-1 Soil Measuring Network Soil sampling 0 ~ 15 cm below ground level(Field, Paddy field etc.) Sampling at the depth of contamination source placed Soil sampling 0 ~ 15 cm below ground level(Field, Paddy field etc.) Sampling at the depth of contamination source placed Record all about sampling (Location number, sampling depth, date etc.) Record all about sampling (Location number, sampling depth, date etc.) Analysis and Report the results ※ Samples must be kept for 1 year at laboratories Analysis and Report the results ※ Samples must be kept for 1 year at laboratories Guideline (Procedure) Guideline (Analysis items)

II-2 Actual state soil survey Measuring Degree of soil contamination (Article5) For the purpose of surveying the actual nationwide state of soil contamination the Mayor/Province governor shall conduct an actual state of soil survey in the area under his jurisdiction, which is feared to suffer soil contamination City, County, District Check the area feared to suffer soil contamination Survey the actual state of soil contamination City, County, District Check the area feared to suffer soil contamination Survey the actual state of soil contamination City, Province Make the survey plan City, Province Make the survey plan Ministry of Environment Make and announce a survey procedure Put all the reports together and estimate the results Ministry of Environment Make and announce a survey procedure Put all the reports together and estimate the results Report the survey results(December) Report the detailed soil survey results(Next June) Report the survey plan(February) Report the survey results(Next January) Report the detailed soil survey results(Next July) Notify the survey plan(February) Notify the survey results(Next March) 16 local Research Institutes of Public Health and Environment Framework

II-2 Actual state soil survey Guideline (Procedure) SeoulBusanDaeguGwangjuDaejeonIncheonUlsanKyungki GangwonChungbukChungnamJeonbukJeonnamKyungbukKyungnamJeju Site visit & Select survey area Area feared to suffer soil contamination(16 categories) Industrial area, metal smelting area, Waste dumping/incinerating area, etc. Site visit & Select survey area Area feared to suffer soil contamination(16 categories) Industrial area, metal smelting area, Waste dumping/incinerating area, etc. Make a priority list and report the survey plan Sampling and analysis ※ Samples must be kept for 3 years at laboratories Sampling and analysis ※ Samples must be kept for 3 years at laboratories Report the results supervise following step for the area over worrisome level Report the results supervise following step for the area over worrisome level Minimum survey area by region (2,000 sites)

II-3 Soil contamination survey for specific facilities Total (2009) Toxic materials Petroleum Total Gas station Industrial facilities Etc (Heating facilities) 22, ,32715,1354,2952,897 Report on Facilities Subject to Control of Specific Soil Contamination Report on Facilities Subject to Control of Specific Soil Contamination Install the facilities to prevent soil contamination Install the facilities to prevent soil contamination Examination of Soil Contamination Examination of the level of Soil Contamination (Every 1 ~ 5 year) Examination of the level of Soil Contamination (Every 1 ~ 5 year) Examination of the level of Leakage (Every 8 year after 10 years) Examination of the level of Leakage (Every 8 year after 10 years) Owner’s duty on management of specific facilities Number of specific facilities in Korea(2009)

II-4 Management of vulnerable area Abandoned mine areas - From 1992, soil contamination survey and mine reclamation work have been conducted at abandoned mine areas because environment contamination becomes social issues - Soil contamination survey has been conducted at 936 mine areas among total of 2,089 mine areas Total Types of Mine Coal MineMetal MineNon-metal Mine 4,681394(151)2,089(936)2,198 Total Types of Mine Asbestos MineAsbestos related Mine 9038(15)52 - Make a master plan to manage area around Abandoned mine(2004) - Asbestos mine - MOE and MKE(Ministry of Knowledge and Economy) conduct a detailed survey

II-4 Management of vulnerable area Industrial complex - From 2004, soil contamination survey has been conducting at 25 industrial complexes that have high possibility of contamination - Targeting 25 national and local industrial complexes that have over 1 Mm 2 and 10-year-old Review relative data (Document, Interview, etc.) Review relative data (Document, Interview, etc.) Check the site condition (Storage tanks, wastes, etc.) Check the site condition (Storage tanks, wastes, etc.) Conduct survey (Sampling, Analysis, etc.) Conduct survey (Sampling, Analysis, etc.) Estimation (Extent of contamination, Remedial methods, etc.) Estimation (Extent of contamination, Remedial methods, etc.) - Since 2004, survey for 20 complexes has been completed - Survey Procedure

II-4 Management of vulnerable area USFK granted lands - Soil and groundwater contamination survey has been conducted at USFK granted lands that are under operation or return - Since 2004, 52 USFK granted lands have been surveyed and 18 camps are returned and under remediation - Since 2008, surroundings of 28 USFK granted land have been surveyed

III-1 Detailed soil investigation III-2 Verification of soil remediation III. Contaminated soil management

III-1 Detailed soil investigation Purpose - Area soil contamination recognized - Delineate the extent and volume of contamination Procedure Phase I Phase II Data Review, Site visit, etc. Check contaminants and contaminated area Phase III Detailed soil survey to delineate the contamination - Topsoil & Subsoil survey - Determine sampling density by targeted area - Groundwater and River(stream) survey - Prevention of contamination and recommend remediation methods Responsible party should conduct the detailed soil investigation in 1 year

III-2 Verification of soil remediation Ministry of Environment City, County, District Polluters Contract for detailed survey Survey Agency Report the survey results Soil remediation business operator Soil remediation business operator Make a contract Report the remediation plan Perform remediation Completion Report the completion Make a verification plan Make a verification plan Process verification Completion verification Ask verification Report the verification plan Report the results Report of verification results Report of verification results Report the verification results Manage the remediation results - When soil remediation is undergoing, the process and the completion of verification has to be conducted(Article 15-6) - Remediation framework with verification

IV. Future policy direction II-1 Risk Assessment II-2 Prevention of Soil erosion II-3 Soil Bank

IV-1 Risk Assessment Risk Assessment (Article15-5) Minister of Environment, Mayor/Province governor, or responsible parties shall assess the extent of risk affecting human bodies and environment considering contaminants, surrounding conditions, plan for land use, etc and determine remediation extent and time to finish - Remediation on national property - Remediation on the land impossible to identify the responsible parties or unable to remediate by the responsible parties - Remediation on naturally contaminated land Make a plan and Report to MOE Make a plan and Report to MOE Review the plan (MOE) Notify the results to the public (>20days) Notify the results to the public (>20days) Verify the results & Public opinions Verify the results & Public opinions Monitoring soil Condition in every 2 yrs Monitoring soil Condition in every 2 yrs Subject area Procedures

IV-2 Prevention of soil erosion Top soil erosion survey (Article 6-2) Minister of Environment shall survey soil erosion to figure out the top soil condition for managing soil as resources - Top soil contains lots of organic matters and nutrition - Unable to restore - Need to strengthen managing soil resources - Vulnerable topography in soil erosion - About 50 M ton/yr (28M in Crop field, 22M in Forestry)

IV-3 Soil Bank Designation of soil bank (Article15-7) Minister of Environment shall designate soil bank in case that it is necessary to clean up efficiently gathering soil in an area (national property) - To remediate efficiently and recycle the remediated soil

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