1 Abhidhamma ABHI = higher, sublime, special distinguished Dhamma = teaching or ultimate realities

2 According to the Abhidhamma philosophy there are two types of Truth: Conventional truth (sammuti sacca) Ultimate Truth (paramattha sacca)

3 Kalàpas in the body

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6 Conventional Truth Atom Nucleus Protons Neutrons Electrons Sub-atomic particles

7 Ultimate Truth - Råpa Kalàpa 1. Earth element 2. Water 3. Fire 4. Wind 5. Colour 6. Smell 7. Taste 8. Nutritive Essence

8 In Abhidhamma, Ultimate Truth (Reality) is fourfold: 1. Consciousness (citta) 2. Mental Factors (cetasika) conditioned dhamma 3. Matter (r  pa) 4. Nibb  na unconditioned dhamma

9 The 1 st Ultimate-Truth CONSCIOUSNESS (citta) 1.Characteristic (lakkhaõa) : awareness or knowing of an object. 2.Function (rasa) : to be a forerunner of the mental states. 3.Manifestation (paccupaññhàna) : it is a continuity of processes. 4.Proximate cause (padaññhàna) : Mind (mental factors) and matter.

10 CONSCIOUSNESS (citta) The process of cognizing an object. In the blink of an eye, billions of consciousness arise and pass away. At any one moment, only one consciousness arises. In conventional truth, one lives from conception to death, however in the ultimate sense one lives only for one conscious moment. Although it arises at tremendous speed, each consciousness goes through the same 3 stages: arising (birth), static (decay) and dissolution (death)

11 Citta arising static dissolution MIND MOMENT

12 Consciousness can be classified with respect to its nature (jàti) in 4 ways: 1. Unwholesome (akusala) 2. Wholesome (kusala) 3. Resultant (vip à ka) 4. Functional (kiriya)

13 Six Types of Roots Three wholesome rootsThree wholesome roots –Non greed –Non hatred –Non delusion Three unwholesome rootsThree unwholesome roots –Greed –Hatred –Delusion

14 Consciousness can be classified with respect to its nature (jàti) in 4 ways: 1. Unwholesome (akusala) 2. Wholesome (kusala) 3. Resultant (vip à ka) 4. Functional (kiriya)

15 12 unwholesome consciousness 8 rooted in greed 1.One consciousness, accompanied by joy, associated with wrong view, unprompted. 2.One consciousness, accompanied by joy, associated with wrong view, prompted. 3.One consciousness, accompanied by joy, dissociated from wrong view, unprompted. 4.One consciousness, accompanied by joy, dissociated from wrong view, prompted. 5.One consciousness, accompanied by equanimity, associated with wrong view, unprompted. 6.One consciousness, accompanied by equanimity, associated with wrong view, prompted. 7.One consciousness, accompanied by equanimity, dissociated from wrong view, unprompted. 8.One consciousness, accompanied by equanimity, dissociated from wrong view, prompted.

16 12 unwholesome consciousness 2 rooted in hatred 1.One consciousness accompanied by displeasure, associated with aversion, unprompted. 2.One consciousness accompanied by displeasure, associated with aversion, prompted.

17 12 unwholesome consciousness 2 rooted in delusion One consciousness accompanied by equanimity, associated with doubt. One consciousness accompanied by equanimity, associated with restlessness.

18 Consciousness can be classified with respect to its nature (jàti) in 4 ways: 1. Unwholesome (akusala) 2. Wholesome (kusala) 3. Resultant (vip à ka) 4. Functional (kiriya)

19 8 sense-sphere wholesome consciousness 1.One consciousness accompanied by joy associated with knowledge, unprompted. 2.One consciousness accompanied by joy associated with knowledge, prompted. 3.One consciousness accompanied by joy dissociated from knowledge, unprompted. 4.One consciousness accompanied by joy dissociated from knowledge, prompted. 5.One consciousness accompanied by equanimity associated with knowledge, unprompted 6.One consciousness accompanied by equanimity associated with knowledge, prompted 7.One consciousness accompanied by equanimity dissociated from knowledge, unprompted 8.One consciousness accompanied by equanimity dissociated from knowledge, prompted

20 8 sense-sphere resultant consciousness 1.One consciousness accompanied by joy associated with knowledge, unprompted 2.One consciousness accompanied by joy associated with knowledge, prompted 3.One consciousness accompanied by joy dissociated from knowledge, unprompted 4.One consciousness accompanied by joy dissociated from knowledge, prompted 5.One consciousness accompanied by equanimity associated with knowledge, unprompted 6.One consciousness accompanied by equanimity associated with knowledge, prompted 7.One consciousness accompanied by equanimity dissociated from knowledge, unprompted 8.One consciousness accompanied by equanimity dissociated from knowledge, prompted

21 8 sense-sphere functional consciousness 1.One consciousness accompanied by joy associated with knowledge, unprompted 2.One consciousness accompanied by joy associated with knowledge, prompted 3.One consciousness accompanied by joy dissociated from knowledge, unprompted 4.One consciousness accompanied by joy dissociated from knowledge, prompted 5.One consciousness accompanied by equanimity associated with knowledge, unprompted 6.One consciousness accompanied by equanimity associated with knowledge, prompted 7.One consciousness accompanied by equanimity dissociated from knowledge, unprompted 8.One consciousness accompanied by equanimity dissociated from knowledge, prompted

22 Rootless consciousness 18 (ahetuka-cittàni) 7 Unwholesome resultant consciousness 8 wholesome resultant consciousness 3 Functional consciousness

23 Unwholesome resultant consciousness Eye consciousness accompanied by neutral feeling; Ear consciousness Nose consciousness Tongue consciousness Body consciousness accompanied by pain Receiving consciousness accompanied by neutral feeling; Investigating consciousness accompanied by neutral feeling;

24 Wholesome resultant rootless consciousness Eye consciousness accompanied by neutral feeling; Ear consciousness Nose consciousness Tongue consciousness Body consciousness accompanied by pleasure Receiving consciousness accompanied by neutral feeling; Investigating consciousness accompanied by joy Investigating consciousness accompanied by neutral feeling;

25 Rootless Functional Consciousness Five-door adverting consciousness accompanied by neutral feeling Mind-door adverting consciousness Smile-producing consciousness accompanied by joy

26 Consciousness can also divided into four groups by way of plane :  Sense-sphere consciousness ( k  m  vacara-citta )  Fine-material-sphere consciousness ( r  p  vacara-citta )  Immaterial-sphere consciousness ( ar  p  vacara-citta )  Supramundane consciousness ( lokuttara-citta )

27 31 planes of existence NPNNP Nothingness Infinite conciousness Infinite space 7 Planes of 4 th Jhana 3 Planes of 3 rd Jhana 3 Planes of 2 nd Jhana 3 Planes of 1 st Jhana 6 Deva realms 1 Human realm 1 Asura realm 1 Peta realm 1 Animal realm 1 Hell beings realm 11 Sense sphere planes 16 Fine material sphere planes 4 immaterial sphere planes

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32 1. CATU-MAHâRâJIKA 2. TâVATIÑSA 3. YâMA 4. TUSITA 5. NIMMâNA-RATI They enjoy the 5 sense objects which they created for themselves. 6. PARANIMMITA-VASAVATTI They enjoy 5 sense pleasure objects created by others for them. 6 DevaRealms

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35 31 planes of existence 16 Fine material sphere planes

36 3 Planes of 1 st Jh à na 1. PâRISAJJA BRAHMA Realm of Brahma’s Retinue 2. PUROHITA BRAHMA Realm of Brahma’s Ministers 3. MAHâ BRAHMA Realm of Great Brahma

37 3 Planes of 2 nd Jh à na 1.PARITTABHA Realm of minor lustre 2.APPAMâNABHA Realm of infinite lustre 3.ABHASSARA Realm of radiant lustre

38 3 Planes of 3 rd Jh à na 1.PARITTA-SUBHA Realm of minor aura 2.APPAMâNA-SUBHA Realm of infinite aura 3.SUBHA-KIöHA Realm of steady aura

39 7 Planes of 4 th Jh à na 1.VEHAPPHALA Realm of great reward 2.ASA¥¥A-SATTA Realm of mindless beings (Only body.No mind.) 3.AVIHA The durable realm 4.ATAPPA The serene realm 5.SUDASSA The beautiful realm 6.SUDASSI The clear-sighted realm 7.AKANIòòHA The highest realm SUDDHAVâSA Only Anagamis are reborn in these 5 planes.

40 5 wholesome fine-material sphere consciousness 1.1st jhāna = wholesome consciousness together with initial application, sustained application, joy, happiness, and one- pointed ness. 2.2 nd jhāna = wholesome consciousness together with sustained application, joy, happiness, and one- pointed ness. 3.3rd jhāna = wholesome consciousness together with joy, happiness, and one- pointed ness. 4.4 th jhāna = wholesome consciousness together with happiness and one- pointed ness. 5.5th jhāna = wholesome consciousness together with equanimity and one- pointed ness. 7 Planes of 4 th Jhana 3 Planes of 3 rd Jhana 3 Planes of 2 nd Jhana 3 Planes of 1 st Jhana 6 Deva realms 1 Human realm 1 Asura realm 1 Peta realm 1 Animal realm 1 Hell beings realm

41 5 Jhāna Factors Initial application of mind (Vitakka) - the directing and placing of the mind onto the object of the pa ñ ibhāga nimitta. Sustained application of mind (Vicāra) - the sustained keeping of the mind on the pa ñ ibhāga nimitta. Joy (Pīti) - interest, or liking for the pa ñ ibhāga nimitta. Happiness (Sukha) - Pleasant feeling or happiness associated with experiencing the pa ñ ibhāga nimitta. One-pointed ness (Ekaggatā) - One-pointed ness of mind or fixing the mind firmly on the pa ñ ibhāga nimitta.

42 5 Masteries of Jh à na Mastery in adverting: being able to advert to the jhāna factors after emerging from jhāna. Mastery in attaining: being able to enter jhāna whenever one wishes. Mastery in resolving: being able to stay in jhāna for as long as one has determined to stay. Mastery in emerging: being able to leave the jhāna at the time one determines to emerge. Mastery in reviewing: being able to review the jhāna factors from which one has just emerged.

43 5 fine-material sphere resultant consciousness 1.1st jhāna = resultant consciousness together with initial application, sustained application, joy, happiness, and one- pointedness. 2.2 nd jhāna = resultant consciousness together with sustained application, joy, happiness, and one- pointedness. 3.3rd jhāna = resultant consciousness together with joy, happiness, and one- pointedness. 4.4 th jhāna = resultant wholesome consciousness together with happiness and one- pointedness. 5.5th jhāna = resultant consciousness together with equanimity and one- pointed ness. 7 Planes of 4 th Jhana 3 Planes of 3 rd Jhana 3 Planes of 2 nd Jhana 3 Planes of 1 st Jhana 6 Deva realms 1 Human realm 1 Asura realm 1 Peta realm 1 Animal realm 1 Hell beings realm

44 31 planes of existence 16 Fine material sphere planes

45 5 fine-material sphere functional consciousness 1.1st jhāna = functional consciousness together with initial application, sustained application, joy, happiness, and one- pointedness. 2.2 nd jhāna = functional consciousness together with sustained application, joy, happiness, and one- pointedness. 3.3rd jhāna = functional consciousness together with joy, happiness, and one- pointedness. 4.4 th jhāna = functional consciousness together with happiness and one- pointedness. 5.5th jhāna = functional consciousness together with equanimity and one- pointedness.

46 4 Immaterial-sphere wholesome consciousness 1.Wholesome consciousness pertaining to the base of infinite space 2.Wholesome consciousness pertaining to the base of consciousness 3.Wholesome consciousness pertaining to the base of nothingness 4.Wholesome consciousness pertaining to the base of neither perception nor non-perception

47 4 Immaterial sphere resultant consciousness 1.Resultant consciousness pertaining to the base of infinite space 2.Resulatnt consciousness pertaining to the base of consciousness 3.Resultant consciousness pertaining to the base of nothingness 4.Resultant consciousness pertaining to the base of neither perception nor non-perception

48 31 planes of existence 4 immaterial sphere planes

49 4 Immaterial sphere functional consciousness 1.Functional consciousness pertaining to the base of infinite space 2.Functional consciousness pertaining to the base of consciousness 3.Functional consciousness pertaining to the base of nothingness 4.Functional consciousness pertaining to the base of neither perception nor non-perception

50 sa ÿ sra sa ÿ s à ra

51 Supramundane consciousness (Lokuttara-Citta) The noble consciousness that has gone beyond the 5 aggregates of clinging (i.e. beyond 31 planes of existence) Four wholesome paths –Stream entry –Once returning –Non –returning –Arahant Four resultant fruitions –Stream entry –Once returning –Non –returning –Arahant NIBBâNA