Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide 25.1 Ascribing Meaning to Grievance & Discipline Awkward words nowadays Technical terms to describe the breakdown of mutual confidence Used when the working relationship goes wrong Deals with dissatisfaction

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide 25.2 Milgram Experiments 18 different experiments to investigate obedience to authority Highlighted significance of obedience & power to everyday lives Subjects showed astonishing compliance with authority Predilection to obey instructions from authority figures

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide 25.3 Factors For Obedience to Authority 1.Family 2.Institutional setting 3.Rewards 4.Perception of authority 5.Entry into the authority system 6.Overarching ideology

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide 25.4 HR role (1 of 2) Facilitate and administer grievance and disciplinary issues Devise and negotiate the procedural framework or organisational justice Involved in interviews and problem solving discussions

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide 25.5 HR role (2 of 2) Maintain viability of the whole process Monitor and make sure grievances are not overlooked Oversee disciplinary machinery

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide 25.6 Types of Discipline Regulation of human activity to produce a controlled performance Managerial discipline Team discipline Self discipline

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide 25.7 Value of Discipline Negative – producing punishment or prevention Valuable quality for individuals

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide 25.8 Three Forms of Discipline Figure 25.1 Three forms of discipline

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide 25.9 Dissatisfaction, Complaints & Grievance Dissatisfaction – anything that disturbs an employee, whether or nor the unrest is expressed in words Complaint – a spoken or written dissatisfaction brought to the attention of the supervisor Grievance – a complaint that has been formally presented to a management representative

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide Types of Complaints Factual and can be easily tested Based on partly subjective reactions Involving the hopes and fears of employees

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide The Framework of Organisational Justice Figure 25.2 The framework of organisational justice

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide Organisational Culture Affects behaviour of people Develops norms that are hard to alter Provide a pattern of conformity Affects the freedom and candour which people discuss dissatisfaction

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide Rules Every workplace has rules Rules need to be clear and readily understood Number of rules should be sufficient to cover all obvious and usual disciplinary matters Helpful if rules are jointly determined Easy access to rules

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide Types of Rules 1.Negligence 2.Unreliability 3.Insubordination 4.Interfering with rights of others 5.Theft 6.Safety offences

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide Ensuring Rules Are Kept 1.Provision of information 2.Induction 3.Placement or relocation 4.Training 5.Review 6.Penalties

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide Types of Penalties Rebuke Caution Warnings Disciplinary transfer Demotion Suspension

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide Features of a Grievance Procedure 1.Fairness 2.Representation 3.Procedural steps 4.Promptness

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide Outline Grievance Procedure Figure 25.3 Outline grievance procedure

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide Disciplinary Procedure Similar to grievance Depends on fairness, promptness, representation Additional features – authorisation of penalties, investigation, information and explanation

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide Outline Disciplinary Procedure (1 of 2) Figure 25.4 Outline disciplinary procedure

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide Outline Disciplinary Procedure (2 of 2) Figure 25.4 Outline disciplinary procedure

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide Are Processes Equitable? To command support must be equitable, just and fair Fairness linked to interests that all workers have in common Process of formalising procedures that once existed in custom and practice Degree of similarity to judicial process

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide Summary (1 of 2) General predilection of people to obey commands from those holding higher rank Exercise of discipline limited by the procedural structures for grievance & discipline Grievance and discipline are HR areas which other people do not want to take over Discipline can be understood as being managerial, team or self discipline

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide Summary (2 of 2) Dissatisfaction, complaint and grievance form a hierarchy Grievance and discipline processes require a framework of organisational justice The grievance and disciplinary process frameworks is key to being equitable

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide Focus on Skills V: Grievance & Disciplinary Interviews Least popular of all management activities Required when things go wrong in the working relationship Involves at some point a meeting between – –a dissatisfied manager and an employee who is seen as the cause of the dissatisfaction –or a dissatisfied employee and a manager representing the employing organisation

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide Present Day Views on Discipline Connected with the idea of punishment Can make a problem solving approach difficult

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide The Latin Derivation Discere – to learn Discipulus – a learner In a disciplinary interview the manager is attempting to modify the working behaviour of a subordinate, not necessarily via punishment

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide Idea of Grievance Can have problems of definition and ethos A convenient technical classification dissatisfaction – complaint – grievance Dictionary definition – a real or imaginary wrong causing resentment

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide The Nature of Grievance & Disciplinary Interviews Provide information Explain work requirements Can deliver rebukes Use a problem solving approach Involve sympathy Requires use of perception Requires empathy

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide Methods Analytical Constructive

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide Process (1 of 4)

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide Process (2 of 4)

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide Process (3 of 4)

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide Process (4 of 4)

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide Procedural Position Important to understand the procedural position Ensure the impending interview is appropriate Critical in disciplinary as penalties may already have been set up by warnings, etc. Who needs to attend? What facts need to be determined? What advice may be required? Where will interview take place?

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide Information That Should be Sought Subject of grievance/disciplinary Aspects of working performance – disciplinary Factual collaboration General information – working arrangements, relationships, etc.

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide Suitable Place for the Interview Formality of location can impact on assessment of situation Informal versus formal

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide Grievance Interview Steps Understand the nature of the grievance Explain the management position Focus on the problem Discuss possibilities Decide action

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide The Grievance Interview in Sequential Terms

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide Disciplinary Interview Steps Explain the management position Understand employee’s position – focus on the problem If this does not produce satisfactory result – progress to more steps – persuasion, showing disapproval, invoking penalties

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide Disciplinary Interview - Moves to Disengagement 1.View accepted and parties seek a solution 2.Persuasion 3.Disapproval 4.Penalties

Torrington, Hall & Taylor, Human Resource Management 6e, © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Slide Summary Grievance and discipline interviews are central to the process of sorting things out Are one means whereby people at work achieve self discipline and autonomy Different steps involved depending on whether it is a grievance or a disciplinary interview