Exam Review Keywords: Suggest, Use information, Explain, Conclude, Calculate, Describe, Evaluate

Learning Objectives: • Understand what different questions are asking. • Know what answers are expected by AQA. I will be successful in this lesson if I can: • State what information is required to answer AQA set questions (Grade C) • Explain what ‘understanding’ questions are asking for (Grade C). • Identify the language sought for when answering examination questions (Grade B). • Structure long answers appropriately (Lvl B). • Identify strengths and weaknesses in example answers and explain why and where marks would be appropriate (Grade A).

starter Re-read the paper (Question & answers) and place An * next to questions that you do not understand. Then list these numbers on the front of your paper A next to questions where you made a ‘silly mistake’ A next to questions that you did well at & share your joy with your partner

Please no more than 5mins Task 1 Speak to others in the room to find the answers to the questions that either you did not do or got wrong Please no more than 5mins

Task 2 c) Atkins diet -costs the least -mass loss is very similar to other diets -second highest mass loss -as effective as other diets d) Exercise increases the metabolic rate (or respiration rate) Exercise needs to use (or burn fat) calories or uses energy this energy comes from food (or fat) So less food (or energy or calories) is converted (or stored) as fat 2 c) The costs of four programmes were... Which is the most effective? Explain the reason for your answer (2 marks) ???What would marks be given for??? 2 d) Some slimming programmes include daily exercise. Explain how daily exercise helps a person to lose mass (2 marks) ???What would marks be given for??? Photo credit: BP plc

Example Answers Atkins. Because Atkins is the cheaper programme when compared to the other programmes and its also the most cost effective of the four programmes Atkins because the book is extremely cheap compared to the other programmes. Atkins was also the second most effective diet in the study. The body loses energy during exercise triggering fat to be burnt to increases energy causing the person to lose mass Photo credit: BP plc When you do daily exercise you will sweat and lose your body fat.

???What would marks be given for??? -the virus (or flu) mutates -people are no longer immune -white blood cells (or immune system) do not recognise the virus -White blood cells (or immune system) does not recognise the viral antigens and so do not have correct antibodies to destroy the virus -current vaccine is ineffective or no vaccine available or takes time to develop new vaccines, or no anti-viral drugs -conditions were less hygienic or there was a general lack of hygiene -people were in poor health (following world wars) or people had weak immune systems 4 b ii In most years, the number of deaths from influenza in Liverpool is very low. Explain, in terms of the influenza virus and the body’s immune system, why there were large numbers of deaths in years such as 1918 and 1951 (3 marks) ???What would marks be given for??? Photo credit: BP plc

Example Answers Because in years 1918 and 1951 there was a mutation between the terms or the treatment is not useful to treat the virus Because in years 1918 and 1951 healthcare was poor. Also the virus had likely mutated into something that the human body hadn’t seen before making it harder for the immune system to fight it. Photo credit: BP plc

???What would marks be given for??? 5 Cane toads were first introduced into Australia in 1935. The toads contain toxins and most species of Australian snake die after eating the toad. The cane toad toxin does not affect all snakes the same way. Longer snakes are less affected by the toad toxin. Scientists investigated how the red-bellied black snakes had changed in the 70 years since toads were introduced into their area. They found that red-bellied black snakes had become longer by 3-5%. Suggest an explanation for the change in the body length of the red-bellied black snakes since the introduction of the cane toads. (4 marks) ???What would marks be given for??? -mutation (NOT had to mutate or decided to mutate) -produces a longer snake OR there is a variation in snake length (NOT had to adapt or get longer) -longer snake less susceptible to toxin or longer snake survives -survivors reproduce -gene or characteristics passed to the next generation Photo credit: BP plc

Example Answers When cane toads were introduced, a mutated longer red-bellied snake was born, purely by chance. This snake then survived since it was less affected by the cane toad toxin. The long mutated snake was then able to breed. Eventually, the original red-bellied black snake dies out, leaving the mutated ones to become the most common form. Photo credit: BP plc They mutated so they could eat their available food source the bigger they are the less the effect meaning the snake would survive if the snakes never mutated the toxin could have had great effects even killed them.

-remove gene that you want -use enzymes to cut it out 6bi -remove gene that you want -use enzymes to cut it out -from the plant with the high sugar production -insert the gene into rye grass 6bii -concerns for the effects on the health of the cow -concerns for the effects on the health of humans -concerns about the effects on the food chain or ecosystem -concerns for the effects on the gene pool 6 b i Suggest how the high-energy rye grass might have been produced by genetic engineering (3 marks) ???What would marks be given for??? 6 b ii Some people might object to growing genetically engineered high-sugar rye grass for feeding cattle. Give two reasons (2 marks) ???What would marks be given for??? Photo credit: BP plc

Example Answers Scientists could have gave a plant gene that causes it to be high in sugar and then allowed it to reproduce. By taking a glucose producing gene and inserting it into the crop to make it high sugar rye grass It can be harmful to the cattle and can breed with wild plants which is dangerous Photo credit: BP plc Because it isn’t natural and the seeds are expensive Because it might affect the cows behaviour and the milk it produces

???What would marks be given for??? -FSH is used or given or injected -LH is used or given or injected -FSH causes eggs to mature -LH stimulates the eggs release 7. Two types of fertility treatment are in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) and in-vitro maturation (IVM). Describe the role of hormones in IVF treatment (3 marks) ???What would marks be given for??? A large dose of FSH is given to the women to help her mature follicles ready for implanting. The women is also given progesterone to thicken her uterine lining In IVF a women is given FSH to make her eggs mature and then she is given oestrogen to stop FSH and build up her uterine lining Photo credit: BP plc In IVF FSH is injected so that eggs can be matured. The FSH stimulates oestrogen which then stops FSH and starts LH so that the egg can be released. Oestrogen helps in thickening the uterine lining

???What would marks be given for??? 7 (b) Evaluate the use of IVM rather than IVF in treating infertility. (4 marks) ???What would marks be given for??? Max 2 pros for IVM -cheaper -less hormones used -Ovarian hyperstimulation is less likely -Shorter treatment Max 2 cons for IVM -small risk of abnormal sex chromosomes in the baby -birth defects -baby cancer -more risks to the baby Conclusion -IVM is better because there is less risk for the mother which outweighs the small risk to the baby -IVF is better because no risk to the baby outweighs the small risk to the mother Photo credit: BP plc

Example Answers IVM is far better than IVF because it is cheaper then IVF and in IVF there is a severe condition which can cause death IVM is a better method costing less with less casualty and the same chance of getting a baby. If IVF was used you would be paying £2600 more with the risk of getting ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome which could lead to death overall the IVM is a better option Photo credit: BP plc IVM takes less time to do than IVF and it is safer but the babies can have cancer. It also costs less than IVF

Example Answers Although IVF treatment are useful the syndrome occurs in about 1% of standard IVF cycles but about 10% of the IVF cycles of some women. Also the IVF treatment will cost a lot more money than IVM treatment. However, in IVM treatment it’ll spend less time than the IVF treatment, as I said the IVF treatment is more expensive than the IVM treatment but they’re also running the same progress. Overall, I think the IVM treatment is more useful and safe than the IVF treatment because IVM treatment tehre’s a small risk of abnormalities in the sex chromosomes and also of birth deformities and cancer in babies compared to the IVF treatment Photo credit: BP plc

Example Answers IVM is cheap compared to IVF. It costs less than half compared to IVF. Though IVM can sometimes cause abnormalities or birth deformities, which rarely happen, it has no risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, which can cause death. IVM treatment is much quicker, which IVF takes several weeks, IVM lasts for less than one weekend and is a much simpler process. In conclusion, I believe that IVM is a better treatment for infertility than IVF as its faster, cheaper and has only a small risk of producing babies with abnormalities or birth defects.

Learning Objectives: • Understand what different questions are asking. • Know what answers are expected by AQA. I will be successful in this lesson if I can: • State what information is required to answer AQA set questions (Grade C) • Explain what ‘understanding’ questions are asking for (Grade C). • Identify the language sought for when answering examination questions (Grade B). • Structure long answers appropriately (Lvl B). • Identify strengths and weaknesses in example answers and explain why and where marks would be appropriate (Grade A).