S8P2. Students will be familiar with the forms and transformations of energy. a. Explain energy transformation in terms of the Law of Conservation of Energy. b. Explain the relationship between potential and kinetic energy. c. Compare and contrast the different forms of energy (heat, light, electricity, mechanical motion, sound) and their characteristics. d. Describe how heat can be transferred through matter by the collisions of atoms (conduction) or through space (radiation). In a liquid or gas, currents will facilitate the transfer of heat (convection).

1. A lightbulb changes electrical energy into light energy only. heat and mechanical energy. C. light and heat energy. D. light and mechanical energy.

1. A lightbulb changes electrical energy into B. heat and mechanical energy.

C. The total momentum of both cars increases. 2. In an amusement park a moving bumper car (car 1) collides with a bumper car at rest (car 2) and, after the collision, both cars move. If momentum is conserved, which statement is correct? A. The momentum of car 1 increases and the momentum of car 2 decreases. B. The momentum of car 1 decreases and the momentum of car 2 increases. C. The total momentum of both cars increases. D. The total momentum of both cars decreases. .

2. In an amusement park a moving bumper car (car 1) collides with a bumper car at rest (car 2) and, after the collision, both cars move. If momentum is conserved, which statement is correct? B. The momentum of car 1 decreases and the momentum of car 2 increases. .

which direction the ball will go. 3. When a soccer player kicks a ball, how hard she kicks the ball will determine how far the ball will go. which direction the ball will go. C. both how far and which direction the ball will go. D. a change in the direction of the ball.

3. When a soccer player kicks a ball, how hard she kicks the ball will determine how far the ball will go.

heat energy. potential energy. kinetic energy. mechanical energy. 4. A car stopped at the top of a ramp has heat energy. potential energy. kinetic energy. mechanical energy.

4. A car stopped at the top of a ramp has B. potential energy.

5. Which represents kinetic energy? a bear standing in a field of berries a salmon resting in still water C. a bear holding a salmon it has caught D. a salmon leaping up a waterfall

5. Which represents kinetic energy? D. a salmon leaping up a waterfall

6. Which of the following is an example of kinetic energy? a child jumping rope a swimmer ready to dive C. a stuffed toy lying on a table D. firewood stacked in a fireplace

6. Which of the following is an example of kinetic energy? a child jumping rope

7. When does a toy race car have kinetic energy? rolling down a hill sitting on a shelf C. upside down on the floor D. in the toybox with the lid closed

7. When does a toy race car have kinetic energy? rolling down a hill

8. Geothermal energy is not a common energy source in Georgia homes because there are few surface hot springs. it is regulated too much by the government. C. Georgia is too warm in the summer. D. it causes thermal pollution of lakes and rivers.

8. Geothermal energy is not a common energy source in Georgia homes because there are few surface hot springs.

9. The major reason for burning gasoline in an automobile engine is to convert chemical energy to mechanical energy. kinetic energy to potential energy. C. radiation to electrical energy. D. thermal energy to electrical energy.

9. The major reason for burning gasoline in an automobile engine is to convert chemical energy to mechanical energy.

10. Water that flows from behind a large dam can cause machines to produce electricity. What change takes place? Heat energy changes into mechanical energy. Sound energy changes into electrical energy. C. Chemical energy is used to produce electrical energy. D. Mechanical energy is used to produce electrical energy.

10. Water that flows from behind a large dam can cause machines to produce electricity. What change takes place? D. Mechanical energy is used to produce electrical energy.

11. When electrical energy is "used" by an electric light, what really happens to the energy? It is given off as other forms of energy. It changes to matter. C. It stops at the electric light. D. It disappears.

11. When electrical energy is "used" by an electric light, what really happens to the energy? It is given off as other forms of energy.

12. Which of these is not a form of energy? electrical light C. Heat D. friction

12. Which of these is not a form of energy? D. friction

13. Light is an example of which type of energy? nuclear gravitational C. electromagnetic D. chemical

13. Light is an example of which type of energy? C. electromagnetic

14. To pull up a bucket of water from a well, George pulled hard on a handle to wind up a rope. Which kind of energy was George applying to the handle? chemical energy frictional energy C. potential energy D. mechanical energy

14. To pull up a bucket of water from a well, George pulled hard on a handle to wind up a rope. Which kind of energy was George applying to the handle? D. mechanical energy

15. When a hair dryer is being used, one of the energy transformations that takes place is electrical to chemical. electrical to mechanical. C. mechanical to electrical. D. chemical to electrical.

15. When a hair dryer is being used, one of the energy transformations that takes place is B. electrical to mechanical.

B. The heat from the hot water is conducted to the spoon handle. 16. Which of the following best explains why the end of a spoon sticking out of a cup of hot water also gets hot? A. The hot water causes a chemical reaction to take place in the spoon. B. The heat from the hot water is conducted to the spoon handle. C. The hot water heats the air surrounding the upper part of the spoon. D. The hot water causes a physical change in the spoon handle. .

16. Which of the following best explains why the end of a spoon sticking out of a cup of hot water also gets hot? B. The heat from the hot water is conducted to the spoon handle.

17. Through which of the following materials does heat travel the fastest? glass metal C. plastic D. wood

17. Through which of the following materials does heat travel the fastest? B. metal

18. The bulb of a thermometer is placed in your mouth 18. The bulb of a thermometer is placed in your mouth. Which of the following explains why the level of the liquid rises in the thermometer? Hot air rises inside the thermometer. Heat energy changes into light energy. C. The liquid expands when heated. D. Heat can change a solid into a liquid.

18. The bulb of a thermometer is placed in your mouth 18. The bulb of a thermometer is placed in your mouth. Which of the following explains why the level of the liquid rises in the thermometer? C. The liquid expands when heated.

19. What is the process by which heat energy gets to Earth from the Sun? conduction radiation C. subduction D. convection

19. What is the process by which heat energy gets to Earth from the Sun? B. radiation

20. Burt's mother asked him to use a spoon to stir the stew that was cooking on the stove. Which spoon will stay the coolest while he stirs? an iron spoon an aluminum spoon C. a wooden spoon D. a silver spoon

20. Burt's mother asked him to use a spoon to stir the stew that was cooking on the stove. Which spoon will stay the coolest while he stirs? C. a wooden spoon

21. Two jars are placed inside an insulated box 21. Two jars are placed inside an insulated box. One jar contains ice water and the other contains hot soup. What will happen to the two liquids? A. Both the hot soup and the ice water will gain heat. B. Both the hot soup and the ice water will lose heat. C. The hot soup will gain heat and the ice water will lose heat. D. The hot soup will lose heat and the ice water will gain heat.

21. Two jars are placed inside an insulated box 21. Two jars are placed inside an insulated box. One jar contains ice water and the other contains hot soup. What will happen to the two liquids? D. The hot soup will lose heat and the ice water will gain heat.

22. In which state of matter are molecules in contact with each other but free to move around? Solid liquid C. gas D. plasma

22. In which state of matter are molecules in contact with each other but free to move around? B. liquid

23. When water boils in a pan on a hot burner, heat gets to the water mainly by conduction of heat through the pan. radiation of heat through the pan. C. reflection of heat from the burner. D. absorption of heat from the air in the room .

23. When water boils in a pan on a hot burner, heat gets to the water mainly by conduction of heat through the pan.

24. In which situation has heat energy moved mainly by conduction through matter? A. A radiator heated with hot water warms a room. B. The person sitting closest to the blazing fire finds it necessary to move farther from the heat. C. The handle of a cast iron skillet being used to cook something becomes too hot to touch. D. The red-hot coil of an electric space heater is used to keep a small room warm.

24. In which situation has heat energy moved mainly by conduction through matter? C. The handle of a cast iron skillet being used to cook something becomes too hot to touch.

25. When Joe put a cheeseburger sealed in a plastic bag into the microwave, there was not much air in the bag. After the cheeseburger was cooked, the plastic bag was full of air. Where did the air come from? A. It came from the fan in the microwave. B. It came out of the cheeseburger. C. It was already in the bag and it expanded as it was heated. D. It came from a chemical reaction whereby energy from the microwave creates O2 molecules.

25. When Joe put a cheeseburger sealed in a plastic bag into the microwave, there was not much air in the bag. After the cheeseburger was cooked, the plastic bag was full of air. Where did the air come from? C. It was already in the bag and it expanded as it was heated.

26. A glass of water kept at room temperature long enough will become empty because A. water molecules slowly leak through the walls of the glass. B. water molecules move into the air as gas molecules. C. water left in a glass starts to boil and becomes a gas. D. water slowly combines with oxygen to become carbon dioxide.

26. A glass of water kept at room temperature long enough will become empty because B. water molecules move into the air as gas molecules.

27. When ice cream is left out of the freezer on a table for a long time, it melts. This change in state is caused by the ice cream absorbing heat. ice cream giving up heat. C. air absorbing heat. D. table absorbing heat.

27. When ice cream is left out of the freezer on a table for a long time, it melts. This change in state is caused by the ice cream absorbing heat.

28. Suppose you had four spoons the same size and shape made out of glass, plastic, steel, and wood. Which spoon handle would get hot the quickest when the spoons are placed in a pan of hot water? the glass spoon the plastic spoon C. the steel spoon D. the wooden spoon

28. Suppose you had four spoons the same size and shape made out of glass, plastic, steel, and wood. Which spoon handle would get hot the quickest when the spoons are placed in a pan of hot water? C. the steel spoon

29. When sand absorbs the electromagnetic waves of the Sun, it becomes warm through the process of conduction. convection. C. radiation. D. evaporation.

29. When sand absorbs the electromagnetic waves of the Sun, it becomes warm through the process of C. radiation.

30. Which of the following is an example of heat transfer by convection? A. A hot wood stove heats an entire room. B. The handle of a pot that is being heated becomes warm. C. A teaspoon in a glass of hot tea becomes warm. D. The coils of a toaster become red.

30. Which of the following is an example of heat transfer by convection? A. A hot wood stove heats an entire room.

31. Juan thinks that water will evaporate faster in a warm place than in a cool one. He has two identical bowls and a bucket of water. He wants to do an experiment to find out if he is correct. Which one of the following should he do? A. Place a bowl of water in a cool place and a bowl holding the same amount of water in a warm place. B. Place two bowls holding the same amount of water in a warm place. C. Place a bowl of water in a cool place and a bowl holding twice as much water in a warm place. D. Place a bowl of water in a cool place and a bowl holding half as much water in a warm place.

31. Juan thinks that water will evaporate faster in a warm place than in a cool one. He has two identical bowls and a bucket of water. He wants to do an experiment to find out if he is correct. Which one of the following should he do? A. Place a bowl of water in a cool place and a bowl holding the same amount of water in a warm place.

32. A block of ice on a glass plate is put on a metal shelf in a freezer. Which could cause the ice to change to liquid water? A. putting a fan that blows on the ice inside the closed freezer B. raising the temperature inside the freezer C. wrapping a blanket around the ice inside the freezer D. putting the ice directly on the metal shelf inside the freezer

32. A block of ice on a glass plate is put on a metal shelf in a freezer. Which could cause the ice to change to liquid water? B. raising the temperature inside the freezer

33. Beaker X contains 100 milliliters of water and Beaker Y contains 250 milliliters of water. Each beaker is heated on a hot plate at the same medium heat setting for five minutes. Which is the best prediction of the water temperature in the beakers? A. Beaker X will have the highest temperature. B. Beaker Y will have the highest temperature. C. Beaker X and Beaker Y will have the same temperature. D. Beaker Y will have a temperature of 150°F.

33. Beaker X contains 100 milliliters of water and Beaker Y contains 250 milliliters of water. Each beaker is heated on a hot plate at the same medium heat setting for five minutes. Which is the best prediction of the water temperature in the beakers? A. Beaker X will have the highest temperature.

34. Use the picture below to answer this question. When it is very hot in his room, Stuart tries to make it cooler by opening both the top and the bottom of his window. Which statement best explains why this would work? A. Air comes in the top to cool the ceiling and in the bottom to cool the floor. B. Cooler air comes in the bottom and warm air goes out through the top. C. Warmer air goes out through both the bottom and top. D. It does not make any difference because if there is no wind, the air will not come in.

34. Use the picture below to answer this question. When it is very hot in his room, Stuart tries to make it cooler by opening both the top and the bottom of his window. Which statement best explains why this would work? B. Cooler air comes in the bottom and warm air goes out through the top.