ICPLICPL

ICPLICPL Internet Governance An Oxymoron? Stuart Lynn Former President, ICANN ICPL Cornell University June 28, 2005 An Oxymoron? Stuart Lynn Former President, ICANN ICPL Cornell University June 28, 2005

ICPLICPL Governance of What? Technical Legal Policy Social Domain Names IP Addresses Spam Pornography Security Stability TLDs (Old & New) Access Intellectual Property Standards Competition Economic Pricing Languages & Scripts Scams Consumer Protection Identity Theft Privacy

ICPLICPL Challenges  Trans-jurisdictional  Nations, states etc  Rapid change  Instant obsolescence  Porous  Open to “all” and “everything”  Lack of ”situs”  Anywhere, any place, any time  Collaborative historical mantra  Antithesis of governance  Monitoring and compliance  New paradigms daily  Conflicting interests  Trans-jurisdictional  Nations, states etc  Rapid change  Instant obsolescence  Porous  Open to “all” and “everything”  Lack of ”situs”  Anywhere, any place, any time  Collaborative historical mantra  Antithesis of governance  Monitoring and compliance  New paradigms daily  Conflicting interests

ICPLICPL WSIS World Summit for an Information Society Geneva, 2003 – Tunis, World Summit for an Information Society Geneva, 2003 – Tunis,

ICPLICPL WSIS Phase I  The easy part  High-level agreements  Governance should be characterized by:  Democratic & transparent processes  Open participation  Governments, private sector, civil society etc  Avoidance of undue influence, capture  Efficient management, decision-making  Intervening Workshops  WSIS Phase II: November, 2005  The easy part  High-level agreements  Governance should be characterized by:  Democratic & transparent processes  Open participation  Governments, private sector, civil society etc  Avoidance of undue influence, capture  Efficient management, decision-making  Intervening Workshops  WSIS Phase II: November, 2005

ICPLICPL What Is Internet Governance?  Broad View  Social Policy Issues  Spam  Cybercrime  Terrorism  Pornography  Copyrights  Economic Policy Issues  Haves vs Have Nots  Taxation  Legal  Enforcement  Broad View  Social Policy Issues  Spam  Cybercrime  Terrorism  Pornography  Copyrights  Economic Policy Issues  Haves vs Have Nots  Taxation  Legal  Enforcement  Narrow View  Central Coordination  Names  Numbers  Etc  Internet Stability  ITU vs ICANN

ICPLICPL How Did We Come To This?

ICPLICPL The Domain Name System

ICPLICPL Domain Names  In place of a hard to remember number  IP (Internet Protocol) address   Use an easy to remember domain name   In place of a hard to remember number  IP (Internet Protocol) address   Use an easy to remember domain name 

ICPLICPL The Domain Name Hierarchy.ebay.com.cnet.com.com.icann.org.biz abc.ke.ke.abc.co.uk.co.uk.org.uk.uk.br The Root Root Top Level Domains Second Level Domains Global TLDsccTLDs Third Level Domains..edu

ICPLICPL The Domain Name System Root Server Root Server Domain Name Resolver abc.msl.net?? IP Address of.net Registry IP Address of abc.msl.net Root Server USER ISP REGISTRIES.msl.net Registry IP Address of.msl.net Registry..net Registry Root Zone File ICANN NAMESERVERS Register Domain Names REGISTRARS ? ?

ICPLICPL Brief History

ICPLICPL The Evolving Internet  Originally primarily academic & research  Domain Name System launched in 1984  Coordinated by one man: Jon Postel  NSF --> Dept. of Commerce Contract  Internet commercialized in  Web follows  Seismic events  Rapid changes  Spectacular growth  Charging for domain names  More than a mnemonic: surrogate keyword  DN: identifier --> identity  Cybersquatters and trademarks  Civil libertarians  National interests: resentment of role of USG  Growth of ccTLDs  Too hot to handle  Originally primarily academic & research  Domain Name System launched in 1984  Coordinated by one man: Jon Postel  NSF --> Dept. of Commerce Contract  Internet commercialized in  Web follows  Seismic events  Rapid changes  Spectacular growth  Charging for domain names  More than a mnemonic: surrogate keyword  DN: identifier --> identity  Cybersquatters and trademarks  Civil libertarians  National interests: resentment of role of USG  Growth of ccTLDs  Too hot to handle

ICPLICPL Birth of ICANN (1999)  Public/Private Partnership  Forum to leverage entire Internet community  All constituencies  Private sector, governments, civil society, technical, standards, etc  Make cohesion out of contention  Privatize and Internationalize  A global Internet  Global policies  MOU with US Government (Dept of Commerce)  Checklist of tasks  A public/private partnership not a government  Public/Private Partnership  Forum to leverage entire Internet community  All constituencies  Private sector, governments, civil society, technical, standards, etc  Make cohesion out of contention  Privatize and Internationalize  A global Internet  Global policies  MOU with US Government (Dept of Commerce)  Checklist of tasks  A public/private partnership not a government

ICPLICPL What Is ICANN? Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers

ICPLICPL ICANN Mission  Coordinate allocation/assignment of Internet unique identifiers  Names, addresses, protocol numbers  Coordinate operation/evolution of DNS  Stability  Coordinate policy development  Reasonably/appropriately related  Promote core values  Stability, delegation, consensus  Competition, market mechanisms  Openness, transparency, fairness, accountability  Respect for role of governments   Coordinate allocation/assignment of Internet unique identifiers  Names, addresses, protocol numbers  Coordinate operation/evolution of DNS  Stability  Coordinate policy development  Reasonably/appropriately related  Promote core values  Stability, delegation, consensus  Competition, market mechanisms  Openness, transparency, fairness, accountability  Respect for role of governments 

ICPLICPL ICANN Organization President/CEO Staff Ombudsman At Large Advisory Committee Liaison Security & Stability Advisory Committee Liaison Root System Server Advisory Committee Liaison Technical Liaison Group (IETF)

ICPLICPL Address Registries ccTLD Registries gTLD Registries Tech Experts ISPs Trademark/IP Interests Business Interests Civil Society Organizations Academics International Treaty Organizations Academics Non-Profit Organizations Individual Users Technology Companies Standards Organizations Root Server Operators Governments A Lightning Rod for Controversy

ICPLICPL ICANN Evolution  Start-Up (Mike Roberts)  Bootstrap from nothing  Basic building blocks/policies  Design as you go  Transition (Stuart Lynn)  Organizational reform  Role of at large  Designing organizational relationships  Maturation (Paul Twomey)  Organizational development  Firming of organizational relationships  New policy development  Monitoring & Compliance

ICPLICPL Other Global Bodies  United Nations  Country code names  Expanding role: WSIS  WIPO  World Intellectual Property Organization  Trademarks and copyrights  Standards Organizations  IETF/IAB  ITU  International Telecommunications Union  Organizing WSIS on behalf of UN  United Nations  Country code names  Expanding role: WSIS  WIPO  World Intellectual Property Organization  Trademarks and copyrights  Standards Organizations  IETF/IAB  ITU  International Telecommunications Union  Organizing WSIS on behalf of UN

ICPLICPL ITU  U.N. agency  Founded 1864 (telegraphy)  Coordination of global telephony system  Representation by world’s governments  With telecom providers, equipment manufacturers etc  Open membership at defined levels  “Open” policy development process  Closed decision-making  One country, one vote  Role of developing countries  Strong outreach/education program  Looking for expanded role 

ICPLICPL So We Come To WSIS World Summit for Information Society

ICPLICPL Fault Lines  Broad vs Narrow Definition  US vs “Rest” of World  Developed vs Underdeveloped  ICANN vs ITU  ICANN vs Others  ccTLDs vs gTLDs (ICANN) et  Technical vs Policy  Private vs Government  Control vs Collaboration

ICPLICPL The Future What Will Get Resolved?

ICPLICPL Thank You! Questions?

ICPLICPL