1. “ICT Policy for Civil Society” Curriculum Produced by APC and CTO
Internet Governance
“ICT Policy for Civil Society” Curriculum Produced by APC and CTO
Adding local content to this session
When did this country or region first get connected to the Internet?
Was the first connection academic or commercial?
How many local Internet users are there?
Which organisation allocated IP addresses for this region?
How many ISPs are there in the country or region?
What are the local country code domains?
What sorts of backbone infrastructure is in use in the region?

2. Session outcomes Participants will be able to :
Identify key Internet players and their roles
Describe the domain name system

3. 1. Key Players: Role of the ISP
Technical role
Sometimes performs the role of the network administrator
Under pressure to control flow of information
Inconvenient content: Spam/unsolicited mail
Copyright material: MP3 music files, pirate movies
Illegal material: Child porn, hate speech
Monitor users: Security concerns

4. Key Players:ICANN & its substructures
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
ASO = Address Support Organisation
Policy recommendations and advice relating to IP addresses
PSO = Protocol Support Organisation
Policy recommendations and advice relating to the assignment of Internet protocol parameters.
DNSO = Domain Names Support Organisation
Policy recommendations and advice relating to domain names and the DNS.
RSSAC = Root Server System Advisory Committee
Advises the board on issues relating to the operation and stability of the root server system
GAC = Government Advisory Committee
Issues of concern to governments
At Large membership
Represent the interests of Internet users world-wide

5. Key Players: Address organisations

6. Key Players: Address organisations 2
IP address registries
Manage numbers
Historically work on a trust model
Hierarchical assignment structure
LIRs = Local Internet Registries(not country specific)
Who are they and where are they?
ARIN = North America
RIPE NCC = Europe (+ western Asia)
APNIC = Asia/Pacific
AFRINIC = Africa (currently ARIN/RIPE NCC)
LACNIC = Latin America/Caribbean (currently ARIN)

7. Other Key Players The Internet Society (ISOC) ISP associations
Chapters in many parts of the world
ISP associations
National organisations: ISPAs
Regional organisations: EuroISPA, AfrISPA
Global organisation: World ISPA forum
Governments
Legislation
Increasing amounts of co-operation

8. 2. Domain name system Generic top-level domains (gTLDs)
.COM, .ORG, .NET, (.EDU)
One registry, many registrars
.GOV, .MIL, .INT
Special requirements
Country-code top-level domains (ccTLDs)
ISO 3166-A
Assigned on a first-come basis
New domains
Generic: .info, .biz
Special: .aero, .museum
Actually ccTLSs: .tv, .to, .nu, .ws

9. Domain names issues Domains vs. Trademarks Cybersquatting Domain theft
Multiple trademarks, but only one .com domain
Legal jurisdiction unclear
Cybersquatting
Registering a domain with the intention of reselling it
Domain theft
Stealing a domain through cunning or fraud
Alternative root name servers

10. Summary
Many structures are already in place for self-governance of the Internet
Some are informal (the rules of netiquette), some formal (ICANN)
Domain names have become valuable

11. Summary questions Identify some key Internet players and their roles
What is the function of the domain name system?