Cataloguing codes Need of Cataloguing Codes

Definition A Catalogue code is systematic arrangement of laws and statues so as to avoid inconsistency and duplication of catalogues

History of catalogues Sargone 3800 BC Ashur Banipal 668 BC Kitab khana Sikandaria (Batlimus 240 BC kalimaches) Nuh Bin Mansoor (964 A.H.) Al Fihrist Ibn-i- Nadim (a known catalogue)

Early English Language Cataloguing Codes

2A British Museum Rules The first major English-language cataloguing code was that developed by Sir Anthony Panizzi for the British Museum catalogue. Panizzi’s 91 rules were approved by the British Museum in 1839, and published in 1841. The British Museum rules were revised up until 1936. The library departments of the British Museum became part of the new British Library in 1973. Thomas Bodley oxford university, he wrote in 1674 Bodley code and introduces sir name entry element

Cutter’s Rules for a Dictionary Catalog The first edition of Charles Ammi Cutter’s Rules for a Dictionary Catalog was published in 1876. Cutter’s rules set out the first principles of cataloguing, and included a statement of the objectives of the catalogue. The code covered rules for dictionary catalogues including both entry (for authors, titles, subjects, and form headings), and description.

Anglo-American Code

Developments in the United States The American Library Association (ALA) cataloguing rules “Condensed Rules for an Author & Title Catalog” were first published in the Library Journal in 1883. In 1900 ALA appointed a committee led by J.C.M. Hanson of the Library of Congress to revise these rules. Of particular focus was agreement of the ALA rules and the rules of the Library of Congress due to the upcoming introduction of Library of Congress printed cataloguing cards. In 1902 an advance edition of the revised ALA rules was produced by the Library of Congress. Efforts were made to bring about uniformity between the ALA rules and the fourth edition of Cutter’s rules (published in 1904).

5 Developments in the United Kingdom In 1893 the “Cataloguing Rules” of the Library Association (LA) were published. In 1902 a Committee was formed to revise these rules, and in its work drew heavily on the British Museum rules, and the advance edition of the revised ALA rules. A draft revision of the LA rules was discussed at the 1904 meeting of the Library Association.

6 Co-operation In light of the similar work being done on both sides of the Atlantic, Melvil Dewey suggested that there should be co-operation to produce an Anglo-American code. The American Library Association and the Library Association formally agreed to co-operate in 1904. Consultation between the two bodies occurred by correspondence.  The first international cataloguing code was published in 1908 in an American edition (Catalog Rules, Author and Title Entries) and a British edition (Cataloguing Rules, Author and Title Entries)

6 Co-operation Both editions contained 174 rules covering both entry and heading for authors and titles, and description. Areas of disagreement between the two editions centred on authors and publications that changed names or titles. In both editions disagreements were explained either in a note or by printing two versions of the rule. Library of Congress supplementary rules were also included where necessary.

7 A.L.A. Cataloging Rules 1941 edition In the 1930s committees of American Library Association and the Library Association discussed revision of the 1908 rules. The two bodies co-operated until 1939 when the Second World War ended British involvement 1949 edition (Revision)

8 Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules AACR 1 & AACR 2

8A AACR 1967 In 1951 the American Library Association asked Seymour Lubetzky, of the Library of Congress, to analyse the 1949 ALA code. An approach was also made to the Library Association regarding co-ordination of revision of the 1949 code. Both texts of AACR contained three parts: Part I, Entry and Heading – Based on the Paris Principles, the 1949 ALA rules, and Lubetzky’s 1960 draft. Part II, Description – Consisted of revised rules from the 1949 Library of Congress rules. Part III, Non-book materials – Contained rules for both entry and description of

8B ISBD and AACR Revisions At the International Meeting of Cataloguing Experts in Copenhagen in 1969, a program of International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD) was developed. The objective was to identify components in a bibliographic description, their preferred order, and the necessary punctuation.

8 C AACR2 1978 In 1974 the Joint committees divided AACR2 into two parts: Part I, Description – Based on the ISBD (G) framework. – Included a general chapter (chapter 1), and chapters for individual formats, including new chapters for machine-readable data files (chapter 9) and three-dimensional artefacts and realia (chapter 10). – The rules for non-book materials were based on alternative codes that were published in the 1970s.

Part II, Entry and Heading – Rules were brought more closely into line with the Paris Principles. 8 D AACR2 1988 Revision The 1988 Revision of AACR2 incorporated the 1982, 1983, and 1985 revisions plus subsequent unpublished revisions 2002 Revision The 2002 Revision of AACR2 incorporated the 1999 and 2001 amendments, and changes approved in 2001,